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0870 Cost-Benefit Analysis of SRI Technique in Paddy Cultivation

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COST - BENEFIT ANALYSIS OF SRI TECHNIQUE IN PADDY CULTIVATION M. ANJUGAM, Assoc. Professor S.VARADHA RAJ, Asst. Professor S. PADMARANI, Asst. Professor Dept. of Agricultural Economics, TNAU, Coimbatore TAMIL NADU…
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  1. COST - BENEFIT ANALYSIS OF SRI TECHNIQUE IN PADDY CULTIVATION M. ANJUGAM, Assoc. Professor S.VARADHA RAJ, Asst. Professor S. PADMARANI, Asst. Professor Dept. of Agricultural Economics, TNAU, Coimbatore
  2. TAMIL NADU ECONOMY
    • > 60% of state population depend on agriculture
    • 13% of state income is contributed by agriculture
    • Net sown area is 62.59 lakh ha, which accounts for
    • 37.5% of the geographical area
    • 85-90% of the farming community, in terms of numbers and area, are marginal and small farmers
    • Area under paddy is 20 lakh ha with average yield of 2,777 kg/ha
    • Paddy production accounts for 3/4 of the state’s total food grain production
  3. SRI INITIATIVES IN TAMIL NADU
    • Experiments started in Coimbatore (TNAU) in 2000-2002; continued at Killikulam AC&RI (TNAU) in 2003-2004
    • On average, 53% less irrigation water was used, with grain yield of 3,892 kg/ha, 28% higher than conventional methods
    • On-farm trials in Tamiraparani basin in southern Tamil Nadu (N=100): mean SRI grain yields were 1.57t/ha higher; grain yields over 8 t/ha recorded by 31 farmers (Thiyagarajan, 2006)
    Dept.of Agricultural Economics, TNAU, Coimbatore
  4. Contd..
    • TNAU has recommended SRI as a technology in Tamil Nadu to increase rice productivity and save irrigation water
    • The State Department of Agriculture held demonstration trials in all rice-growing areas of the state beginning in 2004
    • Government plans to bring an additional area of 7.5 lakh ha under SRI cultivation in Tamil Nadu during 2008-09 (according to Policy Note, 2007-08 )
    Dept.of Agricultural Economics, TNAU, Coimbatore
  5. Objectives of Study
    • To identify the reasons for adoption of SRI technique by farmers
    • To assess the economic feasibility of SRI technique over conventional paddy cultivation, and
    • To identify the constraints to adoption of SRI technique and to suggest suitable policy measures to enhance rice productivity in Tamil Nadu
    Dept.of Agricultural Economics, TNAU, Coimbatore
  6. Sampling
    • Western Zone of Tamil Nadu was selected
    • One block per district was selected, namely Pollachi and Sathyamangalam blocks in Coimbatore and Erode, respectively
    • Structured interviews scheduled - information on cost, income, reasons for adoption, and the constraints in adoption of the technology was collected.
    • This information was collected from 30 farmers who adopted the technique (adopters) and 30 farmers who are not adopting the technique (non-adopters)
    • Data pertained to the crop year 2007-08
    Dept.of Agricultural Economics, TNAU, Coimbatore
  7. Tools of Analysis
    • Average and percentage analysis
    • Reasons for adoption of SRI technique and the constraints encountered by farmers were measured by the Garrett Ranking Technique
    Dept.of Agricultural Economics, TNAU, Coimbatore
  8. Contd ..
    • Per cent position =
    • Where:
    • Rij = Rank given for i th item by the j th
    • individual
    • Nj = Number of items ranked by the j th
    • individual
    Dept.of Agricultural Economics, TNAU, Coimbatore
  9. Contd.
    • Partial budgeting:
    • To estimate the cost and returns of making changes in the existing farm business
    • In the present study, data were gathered to evaluate the efficiency of adopting SRI techniques (changing the method of planting) by replacing the conventional methods of planting in paddy cultivation
    • If the net gain is positive , this gives incentives to farmers to decide on adopting SRI techniques
    Dept.of Agricultural Economics, TNAU, Coimbatore
  10. Dept.of Agricultural Economics, TNAU, Coimbatore RESULTS AND DISCUSSION……
  11. Dept.of Agricultural Economics, TNAU, Coimbatore General characteristics of sample farmers Non – adopters (n=30) Adopters (n=30) No. Frequency No. Frequency i . Age of the farmer (years) < 40 8 0.27 2 0.07 41-60 10 0.33 24 0.80 >60 12 0.40 4 0.13 ii. Educational status Illiterates 2 6.67 .. .. Literates : i) School educ. 26 86.67 10 33.33 ii) Degree 2 6.67 20 66.67 iii. Family size (number) 4.13 3.66
  12. Contd.
    • Majority of SRI farmers fall in the age group of 41-60 years, whereas above 60 years old were higher in non-adopters.
    • 67 % of SRI adopters were degree holders.
    • Size of the family in non-adopters (4.13) is higher than adopters (3.66).
    Dept.of Agricultural Economics, TNAU, Coimbatore The results indicated that farmers who are in an active age group and more highly educated are more likely to adopt the technique.
  13. Dept.of Agricultural Economics, TNAU, Coimbatore Operational holding Operational holding Non-adopters Adopters No. % to total No. % to total Marginal farmers (< 1 ha) 2 6.67 6 20.00 Small farmers (1-2ha) 12 40.00 4 13.33 Medium farmers (2-4 ha) 14 46.66 6 20.00 Semi-medium farmers ( 4 -10 ha ) 2 6.67 14 46.67 Large farmers (> 10ha) .. .. .. Mean 2.11 3.5 % of paddy area to total operational area 62.50 45.50
  14. Contd..
    • Canal and well irrigation
    • Size of the holding is 2.11 and 3.5 ha in non-adopters and adopters respectively
    • Medium to semi medium farmers accounted for the 2/3 rd in the total sample i.e. 67% in case of SRI adopters
    • % of area under to paddy to the total land holding was 62.5 and 45.50 in case of non-adopters and adopters respectively
    Dept.of Agricultural Economics, TNAU, Coimbatore Small and medium sized farmers are showing willingness to adopt new techniques and allocate more area for new technique if it suits the local condition.
    • 66.67 % of farmers adopted SRI technique from the training offered by the Dept. of Agriculture followed by the Agricultural University (20%) & IAMWARM Project.
    • 60% of farmers adopted SRI only in the past 6 months (one season) and 20% of the farmers adopted this technique for the past 2 years.
    • 60% of farmers adopted SRI technique in the 2 nd season (Nov to Feb) - No assured irrigation from the canal during the 1 st season (kuruvai).
    Dept.of Agricultural Economics, TNAU, Coimbatore Adoption of SRI practices
  16. Dept.of Agricultural Economics, TNAU, Coimbatore Varietal Adoption in Study area 0 5 10 15 20 ADT - 36 ADT - 37 ADT - 39 ADT - 43 ADT - 45 ASD - 16 BPT - 5204 CO - 43 White Ponni CORH 3 F1 IR 20 AREA IN ACRE NON-SRI SRI
  17. Dept.of Agricultural Economics, TNAU, Coimbatore
    • The major preferred paddy varieties adopted were:
    • ADT45 (30.5%) and ASD16 (24.5%) in the case of
    • Non-adopters
    • ADT45 (26.1%) and ADT43 (25%) in the case of
    • Adopters
    • CORH3 hybrid is also cultivated in many SRI
    • farms .
    Contd..
  18. Dept.of Agricultural Economics, TNAU, Coimbatore SRI farmer practices vs. conventional paddy cultivation - A comparison Input Conventional Paddy SRI technique – recommended SRI – Farmer practice Seed 20-30 kg per acre 2 kg per acre 21 kg per acre Spacing Closer spacing 15X10, 20X10, 20X20 25 X 25 cm Not all of them practiced Transplanting Seedlings about 30 days old 8-14 days old 20-25 th day No. of seedlings per hill 2-3 seedlings Only one seedling 1-2 seedlings
  19. Dept.of Agricultural Economics, TNAU, Coimbatore CONTD.. (Source: Primary Survey) Input Conventional Paddy SRI technique – recommended SRI – Farmer practice Fertilizers Application of chemical fertilizers, insecticides and herbicides Preference given to organic fertilization, insecticides and herbicides Mostly chemical fertilizers are used Plant protection Application of insecticides and herbicides, 2-3 times spray Insecticides, pesticides are not necessary One time spray is followed when required Weeding Manual weeding, herbicide application Non-chemical means of weed control by cono-weeder (2 times ) Cono-weeder (2 times) + manual weeding (2 times)
  20. Dept.of Agricultural Economics, TNAU, Coimbatore Factors influencing Adoption of SRI technique Reasons for adoption Score Rank Minimum seed requirement 74 I Low nursery duration 57 II To obtain subsidy 52 III Low nursery cost 51 IV Less cost of cultivation 43 V Low labour requirement 37 VI Motivation by Extension officials 35 VII
  21. Dept.of Agricultural Economics, TNAU, Coimbatore *significant at 1 %, ** significant at 5%; *** significant at 10% Operational cost SRI adopters Non –adopters T-value Cost (ha) % Cost (ha) % Nursery preparation 688 2.05 1,083 3.00 1.51 *** Main field preparation & transplanting 9,612 28.60 10,521 29.10 0.98 Seed 301 0.90 1,447 4.00 26.19* Fertilizers 3,643 10.84 4,025 11.13 1.25 Irrigation 1,600 4.76 1,890 5.23 1.66** Weeding 4,769 14.19 2,866 7.93 -3.30* Plant protection chemicals 642 1.91 985 2.73 2.07** Harvesting and threshing 11,589 34.48 12,511 34.61 0.64 Interest on working capital 766 2.28 824 2.28 Operational cost 33,610 100 36,153 100 1.20
  22. Dept.of Agricultural Economics, TNAU, Coimbatore Comparative Analysis of Income – SRI Technique over Conventional Paddy Cultivation (Rs. per ha) SRI adopters Non –adopters T-value Grain product (Qtls) 67.23 54.00 4.42 * Price realized by the farmer (Rs.) 842.67 811.33 Value of grain product (Rs.) 57,034.93 43,643.48 Straw by-product (Qtls) 50.83 48.95 Price realized by the farmer (Rs.) 159.33 124.33 Value of straw by-product 7,871.07 5,471.44 Gross income 64,906.00 49,114.92 4.22* Operational cost 33,609.54 36,153.06 Net income over operational cost 31,296.46 12,961.86 4.05* Output: input ratio 1.93 1.36
  23. Dept.of Agricultural Economics, TNAU, Coimbatore Analysis of economic impact of SRI technique: Partial budgeting Net benefit (total gain – additional cost) = Rs. 13,725 Credit (Gains) Amount (Rs.) Debit (Loss) Amount (Rs.) Increased Return Additional Cost Grain product: 13 Q/ha @ Rs. 842 /Q By-product: 2 Q/ha@ Rs. 150/Qt 11,140.00 100.00 Weeding 1,903.00 Sub total 11,240.00 Reductions in Cost Nursery preparation 396.00 Main field preparation & transplanting 909.00 Seed 1,146.00 Fertilizers 382.00 Irrigation 290.00 Plant protection 344.00 Harvesting 922.00 Sub total 4,388.00 Sub total 1,903.00 Total Gain 15,628.00 Minus addi-tional cost 1,903.00
  24. Dept.of Agricultural Economics, TNAU, Coimbatore Constraints in adoption of SRI techniques Constraints Scores Rank Difficulty in use of conoweeder 58.06 I Lack of technical support from the extension officials 57.67 II Health problems due to operation of conoweeder 47.06 III Lack of awareness among the labourers about SRI technique 37.22 IV
  25. Conclusions
    • Power-operated cono-weeder using either battery or diesel may be supplied to farmers for more efficient weeding so as to increase the productivity of labourers
    • Skill-oriented training should be given to agricultural labourers regarding SRI practices
    • This will definitely help farmers to adopt the new techniques in a larger way to increase the productivity and net income at farm level Also, this technique will be a better solution to meeting food demand
    Dept.of Agricultural Economics, TNAU, Coimbatore
  26. Dept.of Agricultural Economics, TNAU, Coimbatore THANK YOU

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