Allergy and allergy tests A guide for patients and relatives

Lay Advisory Committee






Allergy and allergy tests
A guide for patients and relatives












June 2002 (revised 2004 and 2005)


Further copies of this publication can be obtained from the College website

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The Royal College of Pathologists
2 Carlton House Terrace
London
SW1Y 5AF

Tel: 020 7451 6700
Fax: 020 7451 6701
Email: info@rcpath.org
Web: www.rcpath.org

Registered charity no. 261035

© 2005 The Royal College of Pathologists

Disclaimer: This publication may be freely reviewed, abstracted, copied and translated into any
other language (but not for sale), provided that full acknowledgement is given to the source.

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Allergy and allergy tests
A guide for patients and relatives=
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CONTENTS

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pìãã~êó KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK O=
NK=
fåíêçÇìÅíáçå KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK O=
OK=
tÜ~í=áë=Ú~ääÉêÖóÛ\KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK O=
PK=
tÜ~í=áë=~å=Ú~ääÉêÖÉåÛ\ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK P=
QK=
`~å=f=ÄÉ=~ääÉêÖáÅ=íç=äçíë=çÑ=ÇáÑÑÉêÉåí=íÜáåÖë\ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK P=
RK=
`~å=f=Å~íÅÜ=~ääÉêÖó\ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK P=
SK=
`~å=~ääÉêÖáÉë=ÄÉ=Ç~åÖÉêçìë\KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK P=
TK=
tÜó=Çç=ëçãÉ=éÉçéäÉ=Ü~îÉ=~ääÉêÖáÉë=ïÜáäÉ=çíÜÉêë=Çç=åçí\KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK P=
UK=
tÜ~í=áë=íÜÉ=ÇáÑÑÉêÉåÅÉ=ÄÉíïÉÉå=Ú~ääÉêÖóÛ=~åÇ=ÚáåíçäÉê~åÅÉÛ\ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK Q=
VK=
eçï=Çç=f=âåçï=áÑ=f=Ü~îÉ=~ääÉêÖó\ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK Q=
NMK= jÉÇáÅ~ä=Üáëíçêó KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK Q=
NNK= ^ääÉêÖó=íÉëíëKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK R=
NOK= pâáå=ÚéêáÅâÛ=íÉëíKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK R=
NPK= _äççÇ=íÉëí KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK S=
NQK= pâáå=Úé~íÅÜÛ=íÉëí KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK S=
NRK= `çããÉêÅá~ä=~ääÉêÖó=íÉëíëKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK T=
NSK= oÉäá~ÄäÉ=ëçìêÅÉë=çÑ=~ÇîáÅÉKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK T=
NTK= rëÉÑìä=ïÉÄëáíÉë KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK T=
NUK= däçëë~êó=çÑ=íÉêãë KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK U=
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1

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SUMMARY

vçìê= ÖÉåÉê~ä= éê~ÅíáíáçåÉê= EdmF= ïáää= ÄÉ= ~ÄäÉ= íç= ÇÉ~ä= ïáíÜ= ãçëí= çÑ= íÜÉ= Åçããçå= ~ääÉêÖáÉëK= cçê= ãçêÉ=
ÅçãéäÉñ= éêçÄäÉãëI= êÉÑÉêê~ä= íç= ~= Üçëéáí~ä= ÇçÅíçê= ïÜç= ëéÉÅá~äáëÉë= áå= ~ääÉêÖó= ã~ó= ÄÉ= ïçêíÜïÜáäÉK=
^ééêçéêá~íÉ=íÉëíë=ã~ó=ÜÉäé=ÇÉÑáåÉ=íÜÉ=Å~ìëÉ=çÑ=~=é~êíáÅìä~ê=~ääÉêÖóK==
=
_ÉÑçêÉ= ~åó= íÉëíë= ~êÉ=ÇçåÉI=áí=áë=ãçëí=áãéçêí~åí=íÜ~í=Ñìää=~åÇ=ÅäÉ~ê=ÇÉí~áäë=çÑ=íÜÉ=~ääÉêÖáÅ=éêçÄäÉãë=EíÜÉ=
ãÉÇáÅ~ä=ÜáëíçêóF=~êÉ=ÅçåëáÇÉêÉÇK=qÜáë=áåÑçêã~íáçå=~äçåÉ=ã~ó=áåÇáÅ~íÉ=íÜ~í=~=é~êíáÅìä~ê=Ñçêã=çÑ=~ääÉêÖó=áë=
Å~ìëáåÖ= íÜÉ= ëóãéíçãëI= çê= ã~ó= ~ääçï= ~ääÉêÖó= íç= ÄÉ= ÅçåÑáÇÉåíäó= êìäÉÇ= çìí= ÄÉÅ~ìëÉ= íÜÉ= ÇçÅíçê= çê= åìêëÉ=
êÉÅçÖåáëÉë=íÜ~í=~=ÇáÑÑÉêÉåí=EåçåJ~ääÉêÖáÅF=éêçÄäÉã=áë=ÄÉáåÖ=ÇÉëÅêáÄÉÇK=
=
qÉëíáåÖ=Ñçê=~ääÉêÖó=ïáíÜçìí=Ñáêëí=âåçïáåÖ=~=é~íáÉåíÛë=ãÉÇáÅ~ä=Üáëíçêó=áë=éççê=éê~ÅíáÅÉ=~åÇ=áë=äáâÉäó=íç=ÄÉ=
ìåÜÉäéÑìä=çê=ÉîÉå=ãáëäÉ~ÇáåÖK=pçãÉ=íÉëíë=éêçÇìÅÉ=ìåêÉäá~ÄäÉ=êÉëìäíëK=få=ÉÅòÉã~I=Ñ~äëÉ=éçëáíáîÉ=êÉëìäíë=~êÉ=
ÅçããçåK=E^å=Éñ~ãéäÉ=ãáÖÜí=ÄÉ=~=éçëáíáîÉ=ÄäççÇ=íÉëí=Ñçê=ïÜÉ~í=~ääÉêÖó=áå=ëçãÉçåÉ=ïÜç=Å~å=É~í=ïÜÉ~í=
ïáíÜçìí= ~åó= ëóãéíçãë= ~í= ~ää= ~åÇ= ÅÉêí~áåäó= ïáíÜ= åç= ÅäÉ~ê= ~ÇîÉêëÉ= ÉÑÑÉÅí= çå= íÜÉ= ÉÅòÉã~FK= råçêíÜçÇçñ=
éê~ÅíáíáçåÉêë=ïÜç=ä~Åâ=ëéÉÅá~äáëí=~ääÉêÖó=íê~áåáåÖ=ã~ó=ÑáåÇ=áí=ÇáÑÑáÅìäí=íç=ëÉäÉÅí=íÜÉ=ÅçêêÉÅí=íÉëíëK=cçê=ëçãÉ=
~ääÉêÖáÉëI=íÜÉêÉ=~êÉ=åç=êÉäá~ÄäÉ=íÉëíë=~î~áä~ÄäÉK==
=
oÉäá~ÄäÉ= ëçìêÅÉë= çÑ= ~ÇîáÅÉ= ~Äçìí= ~ääÉêÖó= íÉëíë= Å~å= ÄÉ= çÄí~áåÉÇ= Ñêçã= ~= åìãÄÉê= çÑ= áãé~êíá~äI= åçåJ
ÅçããÉêÅá~ä=~ìíÜçêáíáÉëK=pçãÉ=çÑ=íÜÉëÉ=~êÉ=äáëíÉÇ=çå=é~ÖÉ=T=çÑ=íÜáë=ÄççâäÉíK=
=
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1. INTRODUCTION

^ÅÅçêÇáåÖ=íç=íÜÉ=_êáíáëÜ=^ääÉêÖó=cçìåÇ~íáçåI=QMB=çÑ=íÜÉ=éçéìä~íáçå=áå=íÜÉ=rh=ëìÑÑÉê=Ñêçã=ëçãÉ=ëçêí=çÑ=
~ääÉêÖóK=pçãÉ=~ääÉêÖáÉë=EéÉ~åìí=~ääÉêÖóI=Ñçê=Éñ~ãéäÉF=~êÉ=ÄÉÅçãáåÖ=ãçêÉ=ÅçããçåK=qÜÉ=êÉ~ëçåë=Ñçê=íÜáë=
áåÅêÉ~ëÉ=~êÉ=åçí=ÅäÉ~êäó=ìåÇÉêëíççÇK==
=
qÜáë=ÖìáÇÉ=~áãë=íç=ÖáîÉ=óçì=áåÑçêã~íáçå=~Äçìí=~ääÉêÖáÉë=~åÇ=~ääÉêÖó=íÉëíáåÖK==
=
pçãÉ=çÑ=íÜÉ=ïçêÇë=~åÇ=éÜê~ëÉë=ìëÉÇ=ÜÉêÉI=ëÜçïå=áå=ÄçäÇI=~êÉ=Éñéä~áåÉÇ=áå=íÜÉ=Öäçëë~êó=EëÉÉ=pÉÅíáçå=NUFK==
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2.
WHAT IS ‘ALLERGY’?

Ú^ääÉêÖóÛ= áë= ~= ïçêÇ= ìëÉÇ= íç= ÇÉëÅêáÄÉ= ~å= Éñ~ÖÖÉê~íÉÇ= EÉñÅÉëëáîÉF= êÉëéçåëÉ= íç= ~= ëìÄëí~åÅÉI= ïÜáÅÜ= áë=
åçêã~ääó= Ü~êãäÉëëK= rëì~ääó= íÜÉ= ÄçÇóÛë= ÇÉÑÉåÅÉ= ëóëíÉã= EáããìåÉ= ëóëíÉãF= ÑáÖÜíë= áåÑÉÅíáçåëK= ^å= ~ääÉêÖó=
ÇÉîÉäçéë= ïÜÉå= íÜÉ= ~ääÉêÖó= íêáÖÖÉêëI= çê= ~ääÉêÖÉåë= ~Åíáî~íÉI= íÜÉ= áããìåÉ= ëóëíÉãK= qÜÉ= áããìåÉ= ëóëíÉã=
ÄÉÜ~îÉë= ~ë= áÑ= íÜÉ= ~ääÉêÖÉå= áë= ~= Ç~åÖÉêçìë= áåî~ÇÉê= ~åÇ= êÉëéçåÇë= Äó= éêçÇìÅáåÖ= ~å= ~ääÉêÖáÅ= ~åíáÄçÇó=
EfããìåçÖäçÄìäáå=bI=çê=fÖbFK=få=é~ê~ääÉäI=~ääÉêÖÉåJêÉ~ÅíáîÉ=ïÜáíÉ=ÄäççÇ=ÅÉääë=ÇÉîÉäçéK=qÜÉëÉ=áåÅäìÇÉ=ã~ëí=
ÅÉääëK=fÖb=Å~ìëÉë=ã~ëí=ÅÉääë=íç=êÉäÉ~ëÉ=ÇÉÑÉåÅÉ=ÅÜÉãáÅ~äëI=ïÜáÅÜ=ìåÑçêíìå~íÉäó=Å~ìëÉ=ìåéäÉ~ë~åí=ëóãéíçãë=
ëìÅÜ=~ë=áêêáí~íáçå=~åÇ=áåÑä~ãã~íáçå=E~ääÉêÖáÅ=êÉëéçåëÉFK=
=


2

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3.
WHAT IS AN ‘ALLERGEN’?

^å=~ääÉêÖÉå=áë=~=ëìÄëí~åÅÉ=íÜ~í=íêáÖÖÉêë=íÜÉ=áããìåÉ=ëóëíÉã=íç=çîÉêêÉ~ÅíK=qÜÉ=íóéÉ=çÑ=~ääÉêÖÉå=Å~å=î~êóK=
cçê=Éñ~ãéäÉI=áí=ã~ó=ÄÉ=~=ï~ëé=ëíáåÖ=áå=çåÉ=éÉêëçåI=çê=éÉåáÅáääáå=áå=~åçíÜÉêK=qÜÉ=~ääÉêÖÉå=ìëì~ääó=Åçåí~áåë=
éêçíÉáåK=pçãÉ=~ääÉêÖÉåëI=ëìÅÜ=~ë=ëçãÉ=ÇêìÖëI=~êÉ=åçí=ã~ÇÉ=ìé=çÑ=éêçíÉáåI=Äìí=Å~ìëÉ=~=êÉ~Åíáçå=ïÜÉå=íÜÉó=
~íí~ÅÜ=íÜÉãëÉäîÉë=íç=å~íìê~ä=éêçíÉáåë=ïáíÜáå=~=éÉêëçåÛë=ÄçÇóK=pçãÉ=ëìÄëí~åÅÉë=Å~ìëÉ=ãçêÉ=éêçÄäÉãë=íÜ~å=
çíÜÉêëK=cçê=Éñ~ãéäÉI=ã~åó=éÉçéäÉ=~êÉ=~ääÉêÖáÅ=íç=åìíëI=Äìí=ÑÉï=éÉçéäÉ=~êÉ=~ääÉêÖáÅ=íç=êáÅÉK=
=

4.
CAN I BE ALLERGIC TO LOTS OF DIFFERENT THINGS?
=
fí=áë=îÉêó=ìåìëì~ä=Ñçê=~åóçåÉ=íç=ÄÉ=~ääÉêÖáÅ=íç=ãçêÉ=íÜ~å=~=ëã~ää=åìãÄÉê=çÑ=ÇáÑÑÉêÉåí=áíÉãëK=qÜÉ=áÇÉ~=íÜ~í=
ëçãÉçåÉ=ã~ó=ÄÉ=ëç=~ääÉêÖáÅ=íç=ëÉîÉê~ä=ÜìåÇêÉÇ=ÇáÑÑÉêÉåí=~ÖÉåíë=íÜ~í=íÜÉó=åÉÉÇ=íç=äáîÉ=áå=~å=~ääÉêÖÉåJÑêÉÉ=
ÚÄìÄÄäÉÛ= áë= ìëì~ääó= åçí= ~ääÉêÖó= ~í= ~ääK= fí= áë= ãçêÉ= äáâÉäó= íç= ÄÉ= ~= ÑäìÅíì~íáåÖ= ÖÉåÉê~ä= ã~ä~áëÉI= áåÅçêêÉÅíäó=
~ííêáÄìíÉÇ=íç=~ääÉêÖóK=få=ëçãÉ=Å~ëÉëI=~=ëáåÖäÉ=áëçä~íÉÇ=~ääÉêÖóI=ÉÖÖ=Ñçê=Éñ~ãéäÉI=ã~ó=Éñéä~áå=êÉ~Åíáçåë=íç=~=
ïáÇÉ=ê~åÖÉ=çÑ=ÇáÑÑÉêÉåí=ÑççÇëI=É~ÅÜ=Åçåí~áåáåÖ=ÉÖÖ=~ë=~=Åçããçå=áåÖêÉÇáÉåíK==
=
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5.
CAN I CATCH AN ALLERGY?
=
kçI=Äìí=~ääÉêÖáÉë=Å~å=ÄÉ=ëÉÉå=ãçêÉ=Åçããçåäó=áå=ëçãÉ=Ñ~ãáäáÉë=EëÉÉ=pÉÅíáçå=TFK=^ääÉêÖáÉë=Å~ååçí=ÄÉ=é~ëëÉÇ=
Ñêçã=éÉêëçå=íç=éÉêëçå=Äó=íçìÅÜ=çê=íÜêçìÖÜ=íÜÉ=~áêK=
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6.
CAN ALLERGIES BE DANGEROUS?
=
qÜÉ=î~ëí=ã~àçêáíó=çÑ=ëóãéíçãë=Å~ìëÉÇ=Äó=~ääÉêÖó=êÉëìäí=áå=ÇáëÅçãÑçêí=~åÇ=áêêáí~íáçå=ê~íÜÉê=íÜ~å=ëÉêáçìë=
áää=ÜÉ~äíÜK=pçãÉ=çÑ=íÜÉëÉ=ÅçåÇáíáçåë=Å~åI=ÜçïÉîÉêI=ÄÉ=îÉêó=ÇáëíêÉëëáåÖ=~åÇ=ìåéäÉ~ë~åíK=
=
aÉ~íÜ= Ñêçã= ~= ëÉîÉêÉ= ~ääÉêÖáÅ= êÉ~Åíáçå= E~å~éÜóä~ÅíáÅ= ëÜçÅâF= áë= íÜ~åâÑìääó= ~= îÉêó= ê~êÉ= çÅÅìêêÉåÅÉK= pìÅÜ=
ÇÉ~íÜë= ~êÉ= çÑíÉå= ÜáÖÜäáÖÜíÉÇ= áå= íÜÉ= éêÉëë= çê= çå= íÉäÉîáëáçåI= ã~âáåÖ= íÜÉã= ~ééÉ~ê= ÅçããçåÉê= íÜ~å= íÜÉó=
êÉ~ääó=~êÉK=fí=áë=áãéçêí~åí=íç=êÉãÉãÄÉê=íÜ~í=É~ÅÜ=óÉ~êI=áå=båÖä~åÇ=~åÇ=t~äÉëI=äÉëë=íÜ~å=çåÉ=éÉêëçå=áå=~=
ãáääáçå=ÇáÉ=~ë=~=ÇáêÉÅí=êÉëìäí=çÑ=~å=~ääÉêÖóK=e~äÑ=çÑ=íÜÉëÉ=ÇÉ~íÜë=çÅÅìê=áå=Üçëéáí~ä=~ë=~=ÅçãéäáÅ~íáçå=çÑ=
ãÉÇáÅ~ä= íêÉ~íãÉåíë= EÉKÖK= éÉåáÅáääáåFI= áåîÉëíáÖ~íáçåë= EÉKÖK= ÅÉêí~áå= áåàÉÅíÉÇ= uJê~ó= íÉëí= ëìÄëí~åÅÉëF= çê=
~å~ÉëíÜÉíáÅëK=oÉãÉãÄÉêI=ÜçïÉîÉêI=~ää=íÜÉëÉ=ëÉîÉêÉ=êÉ~Åíáçåë=~êÉ=îÉêó=ê~êÉK==
=

7.
WHY DO SOME PEOPLE HAVE ALLERGIES WHILE OTHERS DO NOT?
=
^ääÉêÖáÅ=ÅçåÇáíáçåë=çÑíÉå=êìå=áå=Ñ~ãáäáÉëK=qÜÉ=áåÅêÉ~ëÉÇ=êáëâ=çÑ=~ääÉêÖó=Å~å=ÄÉ=é~ëëÉÇ=Ñêçã=é~êÉåí=íç=ÅÜáäÇ=
EÖÉåÉíáÅ=áåÜÉêáí~åÅÉFK=^ëíÜã~=~åÇ=ÉÅòÉã~=~êÉ=ÅçããçåÉê=áå=íÜÉëÉ=Ñ~ãáäáÉëK=_ìí=ëéÉÅáÑáÅ=~ääÉêÖáÉë=EäáâÉ=ÑáëÜ=
~ääÉêÖóF= ~êÉ= åçí= é~êíáÅìä~êäó= äáâÉäó= áå= íÜÉ= ÄêçíÜÉêë= ~åÇ= ëáëíÉêë= çÑ= ~ÑÑÉÅíÉÇ= éÉçéäÉK= qÉëíë= Ñçê= íÜÉ= ÖÉåÉë=
áåîçäîÉÇ= ~êÉ= åçí= ~î~áä~ÄäÉK= qÜçëÉ= éÉçéäÉ= ïÜç= ~êÉ= ãçêÉ= äáâÉäó= íÜ~å= çíÜÉêë= EéêÉÇáëéçëÉÇF= íç= ÇÉîÉäçé=
~ääÉêÖó= ~êÉ= ë~áÇ= íç= Ü~îÉ= Ú~íçéóÛ= çê= ÄÉ= ~íçéáÅK= ^íçéáÅ= éÉçéäÉ= çÑíÉå= éêçÇìÅÉ= íÜÉ= ~ääÉêÖó= ~åíáÄçÇó=
fããìåçÖäçÄìäáå=b=Eçê=fÖbF=áå=ä~êÖÉê=èì~åíáíáÉë=íÜ~å=éÉçéäÉ=ïáíÜçìí=~íçéóK=qÜÉ=fÖb=Å~å=ÄÉ=ãÉ~ëìêÉÇ=áå=
~ääÉêÖó=íÉëíëK==
=

3

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8.
WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN ‘ALLERGY’ AND ‘INTOLERANCE’?
=
pçãÉ=éêçÄäÉãë=íìêå=çìí=åçí=íç=ÄÉ=íêìÉ=~ääÉêÖó=~ÑíÉê=~ääK=pçãÉ=Éñ~ãéäÉë=~êÉ=ëÜçïå=áå=íÜÉ=í~ÄäÉ=ÄÉäçïK=
j~åó= éÉçéäÉ= ïáíÜ= ~ëíÜã~= çê= ìêíáÅ~êá~= EåÉííäÉ= ê~ëÜF= Çç= åçí= Ü~îÉ= Ú~ääÉêÖáÉëÛI= ÉîÉå= íÜçìÖÜ= ÄçíÜ= íÜÉëÉ=
ÅçåÇáíáçåë=~êÉ=Åä~ëëáÅ~ä=ï~óë=Ñçê=~ääÉêÖó=íç=ëÜçï=ìéK=qÜáë=~Ö~áå=ÉãéÜ~ëáëÉë=íÜÉ=åÉÉÇ=Ñçê=~=ÖççÇ=ãÉÇáÅ~ä=
Üáëíçêó=~åÇ=ÉñéÉêí=áåíÉêéêÉí~íáçåK==
=
Ú^ääÉêÖóÛ=áåîçäîÉë=íÜÉ=áããìåÉ=ëóëíÉã=~åÇ=íÉåÇë=íç=çÅÅìê=çå=É~ÅÜ=~åÇ=ÉîÉêó=ÉñéçëìêÉK=j~åó=~ääÉêÖó=íÉëíë=
ãÉ~ëìêÉ=ëéÉÅáÑáÅ=áããìåÉ=Ñ~Åíçêë=íêáÖÖÉêÉÇ=Äó=~ääÉêÖáÉëK==
=
ÚfåíçäÉê~åÅÉÛ= ÇçÉë= åçí= áåîçäîÉ= íÜÉ= áããìåÉ= ëóëíÉã= ~åÇ= ëç= ~ääÉêÖó= íÉëíë= ïáää= ÄÉ= ìëÉäÉëëK= pçãÉíáãÉë= íÜÉ=
áåíçäÉê~åÅÉ=áë=ëÅáÉåíáÑáÅ~ääó=ìåÇÉêëíççÇ=E~å=ÉåòóãÉ=ÇÉÑáÅáÉåÅó=~åÇ=ëéÉÅáÑáÅ=Ñçêãë=çÑ=ÑççÇ=áåíçäÉê~åÅÉI=Ñçê=
Éñ~ãéäÉFI=Äìí=ãçêÉ=çÑíÉå=íÜÉ=Éñéä~å~íáçå=áë=åçí=ÅäÉ~êK=qÜÉêÉ=áë=åç=ÄäççÇ=íÉëí=Ñçê=ÚéÉíêçä=ÑìãÉëÛ=ÄÉÅ~ìëÉI=
~äíÜçìÖÜ= íÜÉëÉ= áêêáí~íÉ= íÜÉ= ÄçÇóI= íÜÉó= Çç= åçí= íêáÖÖÉê= ~å= fÖb= áããìåÉ= êÉëéçåëÉK= qÜÉ= éêçÄäÉã= áë=
ÚáåíçäÉê~åÅÉÛ=êÉä~íáåÖ=íç=íÜÉ=ÑìãÉëK=
=
Examples
`çåÇáíáçå==
póãéíçãë=
mçëëáÄäÉ=~ääÉêÖáÅ=Å~ìëÉë=
mçëëáÄäÉ=åçåJ~ääÉêÖáÅ=Å~ìëÉë=
^ëíÜã~=
pÜçêíåÉëë=çÑ=ÄêÉ~íÜ=
eçìëÉ=Çìëí=ãáíÉ=
aìëíI=ÑìãÉëI=ÉñÉêÅáëÉI==
ÅçäÇ=~áê=
`çåàìåÅíáîáíáë=
pïçääÉåI=êÉÇ=ÉóÉë=
mçääÉåëI=éÉí=Ü~áê=
`çåí~Åí=äÉåëÉë=
oÜáåáíáë=
_äçÅâÉÇ=åçëÉI=êìååó=
eçìëÉ=Çìëí=ãáíÉ=
^äÅçÜçäI=áåÑÉÅíáçå=
åçëÉI=ëåÉÉòáåÖ=
rêíáÅ~êá~==
fíÅÜó=êÉÇ=ê~ëÜ=ïáíÜ=
oÉ~Åíáçå=íç=ÅÉêí~áå=ÑççÇë= pìåëÜáåÉLÜÉ~í=EéêáÅâäó=ÜÉ~íF=çê=
EkÉííäÉ=ê~ëÜF=
ëïÉääáåÖ=EïÜÉ~äëF=
ëìÅÜ=~ë=åìíë=
ÉñíêÉãÉ=ÅçäÇ=
^åÖáçÉÇÉã~=
pïÉääáåÖ=çÑ=íÜÉ=íçåÖìÉI=
_ÉÉ=ëíáåÖI=åìí=~ääÉêÖó=
páÇÉ=ÉÑÑÉÅí=çÑ=ÅÉêí~áå=ÇêìÖëI=
íÜêç~íI=äáéë=~åÇ=Ñ~ÅÉ=
ÉKÖK=ëçãÉ=ÄäççÇ=éêÉëëìêÉ=éáääë=
=
=
9.
HOW DO I KNOW IF I HAVE ALLERGY?
=
få=çêÇÉê=íç=ÑáåÇ=çìí=áÑ=óçì=Ü~îÉ=~ääÉêÖó=~åÇ=áÇÉåíáÑó=ïÜ~í=áë=Å~ìëáåÖ=íÜÉ=éêçÄäÉã=EëóãéíçãëFI=~=ÇçÅíçê=çê=
ëéÉÅá~äáëí= åìêëÉ= ïáää= Ñáêëí= åÉÉÇ= íç= âåçï= óçìê= ãÉÇáÅ~ä= ÜáëíçêóK= qÜÉå= ÜÉLëÜÉ= ã~ó= ~êê~åÖÉ= íç= Ü~îÉ= ëçãÉ=
~ääÉêÖó=íÉëíë=éÉêÑçêãÉÇK=
=
=
10. MEDICAL
HISTORY
=
aÉí~áäë=~Äçìí=íÜÉ=ëóãéíçãëI=ëìÅÜ=~ë=ïÜÉå=~åÇ=ïÜÉêÉ=íÜÉó=çÅÅìê=~åÇ=ïÜ~í=ëÉÉãë=íç=íêáÖÖÉê=íÜÉãI=~êÉ=
é~êí=çÑ=~=éÉêëçåÛë=ãÉÇáÅ~ä=ÜáëíçêóK=qÜáë=ïáää=ëÜçï=~=ÇçÅíçê=ïÜÉíÜÉê=çê=åçí=~ääÉêÖó=íÉëíë=ãáÖÜí=ÄÉ=ÜÉäéÑìäK=
lÑíÉå=íÜÉêÉ=áë=åç=åÉÉÇ=Ñçê=~ääÉêÖó=íÉëíáåÖK=cçê=Éñ~ãéäÉI=ÉÖÖ=~ääÉêÖó=áë=ìåäáâÉäó=áÑ=ÉÖÖë=~êÉ=çåäó=~ëëçÅá~íÉÇ=
ïáíÜ= ëóãéíçãë= çå= ëçãÉ= Ç~óë= Äìí= åçí= çíÜÉêëK= ^ääÉêÖó= íÉåÇë= íç= çÅÅìê= ÉîÉå= ïáíÜ= íáåó= ÇçëÉëK= pçãÉíáãÉë==
~å=~ääÉêÖó=áë=äçëí=ïÜÉå=~=ÑççÇ=áë=ÅççâÉÇK=qÜáë=ã~ó=ÄÉ=ëÉÉåI=Ñçê=Éñ~ãéäÉI=ïáíÜ=éÉçéäÉ=ïÜç=~êÉ=~ääÉêÖáÅ==
íç=~ééäÉëK=

4

---

11. ALLERGY
TESTS
=
tÜÉå=~=éÉêëçåÛë= ãÉÇáÅ~ä=Üáëíçêó=ëÜçïë=íÜ~í=~ääÉêÖó=ãáÖÜí=ÄÉ=~=Å~ìëÉ=çÑ=íÜÉ=ëóãéíçãëI=íÜÉå=íÉëíë=Å~å=
ÉáíÜÉê= éáåéçáåí= çê= êìäÉ= çìí= î~êáçìë= Å~ìëÉëK= qÜáë= Üáëíçêó= ~äëç= åÉÉÇë=íç=ÄÉ=í~âÉå=áåíç=~ÅÅçìåí=ïÜÉå=~åó=
íÉëíë=~êÉ=áåíÉêéêÉíÉÇK=
=
fí=áë=îáí~ä=íÜ~í=íê~áåÉÇ=ÇçÅíçêë=çê=åìêëÉëI=ïáíÜ=íÜÉ=ëéÉÅá~äáëí=âåçïäÉÇÖÉ=íç=ÉåëìêÉ=íÜ~í=íÜÉ=ÅçêêÉÅí=íÉëíë=~êÉ=
ìëÉÇ=éÉêÑçêã=íÉëíáåÖK==
=
qÜÉêÉ=~êÉ=íÜêÉÉ=ãÉÇáÅ~ääó=~ÅÅÉéíÉÇ=íÉëíë=EëÉÉ=pÉÅíáçåë=NOI=NP=~åÇ=NQFI=ïÜáÅÜ=Å~å=ÄÉ=ÜÉäéÑìä=ïÜÉå=ìëÉÇ=
éêçéÉêäóK= ^ää= íÜêÉÉ= ~êÉ= ~î~áä~ÄäÉ= áå= ëéÉÅá~äáëí= kep= ÅÉåíêÉë= EíÜÉ= äáëí= áë= ~î~áä~ÄäÉ= Ñêçã= íÜÉ= _p^`fI= ëÉÉ=
pÉÅíáçå=NS=Ñçê=ÇÉí~áäëFK=
=
=
12.
SKIN ‘PRICK’ TEST
=
qÜÉ=ëâáå=ÚéêáÅâÛ=íÉëí=áë=éêçÄ~Ääó=íÜÉ=ãçëí=Åçããçåäó=ìëÉÇ=~ääÉêÖó=íÉëíK=qïÉåíóJÑáîÉ=~ääÉêÖÉåë=Å~å=ÄÉ=íÉëíÉÇ=
áå=çåÉ=ëÉëëáçåK=^ääÉêÖÉåë=~êÉ=ëÉäÉÅíÉÇ=~ÅÅçêÇáåÖ=íç=íÜÉ=ãÉÇáÅ~ä=ÜáëíçêóK=qÜÉ=íÉëíë=Å~å=ÄÉ=Å~êêáÉÇ=çìí=çå=
~åó=~ÖÉ=ÖêçìéI=áåÅäìÇáåÖ=Ä~ÄáÉëI=~åÇ=~êÉ=îÉêó=ë~ÑÉK=
=
pâáå=ÚéêáÅâÛ=íÉëíë=ÖáîÉ=ëáãáä~ê=êÉëìäíë=íç=íÜÉ=ÄäççÇ=íÉëí=ÇÉëÅêáÄÉÇ=ÄÉäçïK=_çíÜ=ÇÉíÉÅí=fÖb=~åíáÄçÇó=Äìí=áå=
íÜáë=Å~ëÉ=áí=áë=éêÉëÉåí=áå=íÜÉ=ëâáåI=ê~íÜÉê=íÜ~å=áå=íÜÉ=ÄäççÇK=
=
^=Çêçé=çÑ=äáèìáÇ=E~ääÉêÖÉå=ëçäìíáçå=çê=Éñíê~ÅíF=áë=éä~ÅÉÇ=çå=íÜÉ=ëâáå=Eìëì~ääó=íÜÉ=ÑçêÉ~êãF=~åÇ=íÜÉ=~êÉ~=áë=
ã~êâÉÇ=ïáíÜ=~=ã~êâÉê=éÉåK=qÜÉ=ëâáå=ÄÉåÉ~íÜ=íÜÉ=äáèìáÇ=áë=íÜÉå=ÖÉåíäó=ëÅê~íÅÜÉÇ=ïáíÜ=íÜÉ=íáé=çÑ=~=ëã~ää=
åÉÉÇäÉK=qÜáë=~ääçïë=íÜÉ=íÉëí=äáèìáÇ=íç=ÉåíÉê=ÄÉåÉ~íÜ=íÜÉ=ëâáå=~åÇ=êÉ~Åí=ïáíÜ=áããìåÉ=ÅÉääë=áå=íÜÉ=ëâáåK=qÜáë=
éêçÅÉÇìêÉ=áë=ëäáÖÜíäó=ìåÅçãÑçêí~ÄäÉ=Äìí=ÅÜáäÇêÉå=çÑíÉå=éêÉÑÉê=áí=íç=~=ÄäççÇ=íÉëíK=qÜÉ=ëâáå=ÚéêáÅâÛ=íÉëí=ÖáîÉë=
~å=Úçå=íÜÉ=ëéçíÛ=~åëïÉê=~åÇ=êÉëìäíë=Å~å=ÄÉ=áåíÉêéêÉíÉÇ=ïáíÜáå=NR=ãáåìíÉëK=fÑ=~=êÉÇI=áíÅÜó=äìãé=EïÜÉ~äF=
ÇÉîÉäçéë=ïÜÉêÉ=íÜÉ=äáèìáÇ=ï~ë=ëÅê~íÅÜÉÇ=áåI=íÜáë=ëìÖÖÉëíë=íÜÉ=éÉêëçå=áë=~ääÉêÖáÅ=íç=íÜ~í=é~êíáÅìä~ê=äáèìáÇK=
qÜÉ= ~îÉê~ÖÉ= ëáòÉ= çÑ= íÜÉ= ïÜÉ~ä= áë= íóéáÅ~ääó= RÓNM= ãã= áå= Çá~ãÉíÉê= ~åÇ= áë= îÉêó= áíÅÜóK= fí= ä~ëíë= ~êçìåÇ= PM=
ãáåìíÉë=çê=ëçI=ÄÉÑçêÉ=êÉíìêåáåÖ=ÅçãéäÉíÉäó=Ä~Åâ=íç=åçêã~äK=
=
qÜÉ=ëâáå=ÚéêáÅâÛ=íÉëí=ïáää=~äï~óë=~äëç=áåÅäìÇÉ=éçëáíáîÉ=~åÇ=åÉÖ~íáîÉ=Úèì~äáíó=ÅçåíêçäëÛK=
=
qÜÉ=éçëáíáîÉ=Åçåíêçä=áë=~å=~êíáÑáÅá~ä=ëçäìíáçå=Åçåí~áåáåÖ=éìêÉ=Üáëí~ãáåÉ=E~=ëáãéäÉ=ÅÜÉãáÅ~ä=íÜ~í=íÜÉ=ÄçÇó=
éêçÇìÅÉë=ïÜÉå=ïÉ=ÇÉîÉäçé=~ääÉêÖóF=~åÇ=ÉîÉêóçåÉ=áë=ÉñéÉÅíÉÇ=íç=êÉ~Åí=íç=íÜáëK=fÑ=ëçãÉçåÉ=ÇçÉë=åçí=êÉ~Åí=
íç=íÜáë=ëçäìíáçåI=áí=ÅçìäÇ=ãÉ~å=íÜÉ=ãÉÇáÅáåÉë=íÜÉó=~êÉ=í~âáåÖ=E~åíáÜáëí~ãáåÉë=~åÇ=çíÜÉêëF=~êÉ=ÄäçÅâáåÖ=íÜÉ=
íÉëíK= mÉçéäÉ= ~êÉ= ~ëâÉÇ= åçí= íç= í~âÉ= ãÉÇáÅáåÉë= ëìÅÜ= ~ë= ~åíáÜáëí~ãáåÉëI= ÅçìÖÜ= ãÉÇáÅáåÉë= ~åÇ= ëçãÉ= ~åíáJ
ÇÉéêÉëë~åíë=ÇìêáåÖ=íÜÉ=QU=Üçìêë=ÄÉÑçêÉ=íÜÉ=íÉëíK=
=
qÜÉ=åÉÖ~íáîÉ=Åçåíêçä=áë=~=ëíÉêáäÉ=ë~äíJï~íÉê=Eë~äáåÉF=ëçäìíáçå=~åÇ=åçÄçÇó=áë=ÉñéÉÅíÉÇ=íç=êÉ~Åí=íç=íÜáëK=^åó=
êÉ~Åíáçå=ïçìäÇ=ãÉ~å=íÜ~í=íÜÉ=ëâáå=áë=ÉñíêÉãÉäó=ëÉåëáíáîÉ=~åÇ=Ñ~äëÉ=éçëáíáîÉ=íÉëíë=~êÉ=~=ëíêçåÖ=éçëëáÄáäáíóK=
qÜÉ=íÉëí=áå=íÜÉëÉ=Å~ëÉë=ã~ó=åÉÉÇ=íç=ÄÉ=êÉàÉÅíÉÇ=~ë=ìåêÉäá~ÄäÉK=
=
^äíÜçìÖÜ=íÜÉëÉ=íÉëíë=~êÉ=îÉêó=ë~ÑÉI=áí=áë=ÄÉëí=áÑ=ÉñéÉêíë=Å~êêó=íÜÉã=çìí=áå=Üçëéáí~äI=ÉëéÉÅá~ääó=áÑ=íÜÉ=éÉêëçå=
Ü~ë= éêÉîáçìëäó= Ü~Ç= ~= ëÉîÉêÉ= êÉ~ÅíáçåK= _~Ç= êÉ~Åíáçåë= áå= íÜáë= íÉëí= ~êÉ= îÉêó= ìåìëì~ä= Äìí= ãáÖÜí= áåîçäîÉ==
~=ãçêÉ=ïáÇÉëéêÉ~Ç=~êÉ~=çÑ=ëâáå=ëïÉääáåÖ=çê=áíÅÜáåÖ=ëéêÉ~ÇáåÖ=ìé=íÜÉ=ÑçêÉ~êãI=~Ö~áå=ä~ëíáåÖ=PM=ãáåìíÉë=çê=
ëçK=

5

---

13. BLOOD
TEST
=
qÜáë=íÉëí=ãÉ~ëìêÉë=íÜÉ=~ãçìåí=çÑ=fÖb=~ääÉêÖó=~åíáÄçÇó=Eáå=~=ÄäççÇ=ë~ãéäÉF=Ñçê=~=ëìëéÉÅíÉÇ=~ääÉêÖÉåK=pçI=áå=
~=éÉêëçå=ëìëéÉÅíÉÇ=çÑ=ÄÉáåÖ=~ääÉêÖáÅ=íç=ÉÖÖëI=~=ÇçÅíçê=ïçìäÇ=~ëâ=Ñçê=ÚfÖb=íç=ÉÖÖÛK=^=ÄäççÇ=ë~ãéäÉ=Å~å=ÄÉ=
í~âÉå=~í=óçìê=dm=ëìêÖÉêó=çê=~í=~=Üçëéáí~äK=_äççÇ=áë=ìëì~ääó=í~âÉå=Ñêçã=~=îÉáå=áå=íÜÉ=~êãI=ìëáåÖ=~=ÑáåÉ=
åÉÉÇäÉ= ~åÇ= ëã~ää= ëóêáåÖÉK= qÜÉ= ë~ãéäÉ= áë= ëÉåí= íç= ~= ÅÉåíê~ä= ä~Äçê~íçêóK= qóéáÅ~ääóI= êÉëìäíë= ã~ó= åçí= ÄÉ=
~î~áä~ÄäÉ=Ñçê=~=ÑÉï=ïÉÉâë=ÄÉÅ~ìëÉ=íÉëíáåÖ=áå=Ä~íÅÜÉë=áë=ãçëí=ÅçëíJÉÑÑÉÅíáîÉK=
=
oÉëìäíë=~êÉ=ÖáîÉå=áå=Öê~ÇÉë=Ñêçã=M=EåÉÖ~íáîÉFI=Öê~ÇÉ= N=EïÉ~â=éçëáíáîÉF=ìé=íç=Öê~ÇÉ=S=EëíêçåÖ=éçëáíáîÉFK=
kçíÉ=íÜ~í=ÜáÖÜÉê=î~äìÉë=Çç=åçí=áãéäó=ãçêÉ=ëÉêáçìë=~ääÉêÖóK=qÜÉ=íÉëí=áëI=ÜçïÉîÉêI=ìëÉÑìä=áå=ëÉîÉê~ä=ï~óëK=
kÉÖ~íáîÉ=íÉëí=êÉëìäíë=ÜÉäé=Éäáãáå~íÉ=é~êíáÅìä~ê=~ääÉêÖáÉëK=
=
qÜÉ= ê~åÖÉ= çÑ= ~ääÉêÖÉåë= ~î~áä~ÄäÉ= Ñçê= íÉëíáåÖ= áë= äáãáíÉÇ= E~= ÑÉï= ÜìåÇêÉÇ= áå= íçí~äF= ~åÇ= íÉëíë= íÉåÇ= íç= ÄÉ=
êÉëíêáÅíÉÇ= íç= íÜÉ= ãçêÉ= Åçããçå= ~ääÉêÖáÉë= Ó= Å~íI= éÉ~åìíI= ÜçìëÉ= Çìëí= ãáíÉI= ÉÖÖI= ÉíÅK= fÖb= ÄäççÇ= íÉëíë= ~êÉ=
~î~áä~ÄäÉ= Ñçê= ï~ëé= çê= ÄÉÉ= ~ääÉêÖóI= Äìí= ~êÉ= åçí= êçìíáåÉäó=~î~áä~ÄäÉ=Ñçê=ìåìëì~ä=Åìäéêáíë=äáâÉ=ÑáêÉÑäáÉëI=Ñçê=
Éñ~ãéäÉK==
=
_äççÇ= íÉëíë= ~êÉ= ìëÉÇ= ïÜÉå= ëâáå= ÚéêáÅâÛ= íÉëíë= ~êÉ= åçí= ~î~áä~ÄäÉ= çê= áå= ÅáêÅìãëí~åÅÉë= ïÜÉêÉ= íÜÉó= ~êÉ= åçí=
ëìáí~ÄäÉI=ëìÅÜ=~ëW=
•
áÑ=íÜÉêÉ=áë=ÉñíÉåëáîÉ=ÉÅòÉã~=
•
áÑ=~åíáÜáëí~ãáåÉ=ãÉÇáÅ~íáçå=Å~ååçí=ÄÉ=ëíçééÉÇ=Ñçê=~åó=êÉ~ëçå=
•
ïÜÉå=åç=ëâáå=íÉëí=áë=~î~áä~ÄäÉK=
=
k_=cçê=ëçãÉ=~ääÉêÖáÉëI=ëâáå=íÉëíë=~êÉ=ëìéÉêáçê=íç=íÜÉ=Éèìáî~äÉåí=ÄäççÇ=íÉëíK=
=
k_=fÖdJÄ~ëÉÇ=~ääÉêÖó=íÉëíë=~êÉ=ÄÉëí=~îçáÇÉÇK=fÖd=~åíáÄçÇáÉë=EëÉÉ=pÉÅíáçå=NUF=íç=ÑççÇëI=Ñçê=Éñ~ãéäÉI=~êÉ=
ÑçìåÇ=ÅçããçåäóI=ÉîÉå=áå=ÜÉ~äíÜó=åçåJ~ääÉêÖáÅ=áåÇáîáÇì~äëK=cçê=Éñ~ãéäÉI=fÖd=~åíáÄçÇó=íç=ïÜÉ~í=ÖäìíÉå=áë=
ÑçìåÇ=áå=NMB=çÑ=åçêã~ä=ÜÉ~äíÜó=éÉçéäÉ=ïÜç=É~í=ïÜÉ~í=êÉÖìä~êäó=ïáíÜçìí=éêçÄäÉãK=
=
=
14. SKIN ‘PATCH’ TEST

qÜáë=íÉëí=áë=îÉêó=ÇáÑÑÉêÉåí=Ñêçã=íÜÉ=íÉëíë=ÇáëÅìëëÉÇ=~ÄçîÉK=m~íÅÜ=íÉëíë=~êÉ=ÉëéÉÅá~ääó=ìëÉÑìä=áå=ÅÉêí~áå=íóéÉë=
çÑ=ëäçï=çåëÉí=êÉ~ÅíáçåëI=íóéáÅ~ääó=ÉÅòÉã~W=~=åìêëÉ=ïÜçëÉ=ëçêÉ=Ü~åÇë=ïçêëÉå=ÇìêáåÖ=íÜÉ=ïçêâáåÖ=ïÉÉâ=Äìí=
áãéêçîÉ= ïÜáäÉ= ëÜÉ= áë= çå= ÜçäáÇ~ó= ã~ó= Ü~îÉ= ~= ÚÅçåí~ÅíÛ= ÉÅòÉã~= íç= ~= ëìÄëí~åÅÉ= ÉåÅçìåíÉêÉÇ= ~í= ïçêâK=
mçëëáÄáäáíáÉë= ãáÖÜí= áåÅäìÇÉ= êìÄÄÉê= ëìêÖáÅ~ä= ÖäçîÉëI= Ü~åÇäÉÇ= áçÇáåÉ= ÇáëáåÑÉÅí~åíë= çê= ëçãÉ= çíÜÉê= ïçêâJ
êÉä~íÉÇ= ëìÄëí~åÅÉK= qÜÉëÉ= íÉëíë= ~êÉ= ~äëç= ìëÉÑìä= Ñçê= ëâáå= áêêáí~íáçå= äçÅ~äáëÉÇ= íç= ïÜÉêÉ= àÉïÉääÉêóI= Ñ~ÄêáÅëI=
ÅçëãÉíáÅë= ~åÇ= çíÜÉê= áíÉãë= íçìÅÜ= íÜÉ= ëâáåK= qóéáÅ~ääóI= íÜÉ= áêêáí~íáçå= í~âÉë= Üçìêë= ê~íÜÉê= íÜ~å= ãáåìíÉë= íç=
ÇÉîÉäçéK==
=
qÜáë= íÉëí= áåîçäîÉë= éä~ÅáåÖ= ëÉîÉê~ä= ÅáêÅìä~ê= íÉëí= é~íÅÜÉë= EãÉ~ëìêáåÖ= ~Äçìí= O= ÅÉåíáãÉíêÉë= ~ÅêçëëF= çå= íÜÉ=
é~íáÉåíÛë= ëâáåI=ìëì~ääó=çå=íÜÉáê=Ä~ÅâK=^ÑíÉê=íïç=Ç~óëI= íÜÉ=é~íáÉåí=ãìëí=êÉíìêå=íç=íÜÉ=Üçëéáí~ä=ÅäáåáÅ=Ñçê=
é~íÅÜ=êÉãçî~ä=~åÇ=íÉëí=áåíÉêéêÉí~íáçåK=qÜÉ=íÉëíë=íÉåÇ=íç=ÄÉ=ÇçåÉ=áå=ëéÉÅá~äáëí=Üçëéáí~ä=ÅäáåáÅë=ÇÉ~äáåÖ=ïáíÜ=
ëâáå= éêçÄäÉãë= EÇÉêã~íçäçÖó= ÅäáåáÅëF= ÄÉÅ~ìëÉ= íÜÉ= êÉëìäíë= Å~å= ÄÉ= ÅçãéäáÅ~íÉÇ= ~åÇ= ÇáÑÑáÅìäí= íç= áåíÉêéêÉíK=
qÜÉó=~êÉ=çåäó=ìëÉÑìä=Ñçê=~ääÉêÖáÉë=áåîçäîáåÖ=ëäçï=çåëÉí=EÇÉä~óÉÇF=ê~ëÜÉëK=_ó=~åÇ=ä~êÖÉI=íÜÉëÉ=íÉëíë=~êÉ=åçí=
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=


6

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15. COMMERCIAL ALLERGY TESTS (from supermarkets, high street shops or by post)

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ë~ãéäÉëF=~êÉ=çÑ=ÇìÄáçìë=ëÅáÉåíáÑáÅ=î~äìÉK=kepJÄ~ëÉÇ=ä~Äçê~íçêáÉë=~åÇ=ÅäáåáÅë=~êÉ=ÉñéÉÅíÉÇ=íç=éÉêÑçêã=íç=
ãáåáãìã=ëí~åÇ~êÇë=~åÇ=áå=ëç=ÇçáåÖ=É~êå=~å=~ÅÅêÉÇáí~íáçå=ÅÉêíáÑáÅ~íÉK=j~åó=ÅçããÉêÅá~ä=Éëí~ÄäáëÜãÉåíë=
çéÉê~íÉ=íç=éççêÉê=èì~äáíó=ëí~åÇ~êÇëK==
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16. RELIABLE SOURCES OF ADVICE
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17. SOME USEFUL WEBSITES
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qÜÉ=^å~éÜóä~ñáë=`~ãé~áÖåW=ïïïK~å~éÜóä~ñáëKçêÖKìâ=
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7

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18. GLOSSARY OF TERMS
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