Avr
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Defination:- Microcontrol er can be termed as a single on chip computer
which includes number of peripherals like RAM, EEPROM, Timers etc.,
required to perform some predefined task.
The computer on one hand is designed to perform al the general purpose
tasks on a single machine like you can use a computer to run a software to
perform calculations or you can use a computer to store some multimedia
file or to access internet through the browser, whereas the microcontrol ers
are meant to perform only the specific tasks.
Architecture of AVR:-The AVR microcontrol ers are based on the
advanced RISC architecture and consist of 32 x 8-bit general purpose
working registers. Within one single clock cycle, AVR can take inputs from
two general purpose registers and put them to ALU for carrying out the
requested operation, and transfer back the result to an arbitrary register.
The ALU can perform arithmetic as wel as logical operations over the
inputs from the register or between the register and a constant. Single
register operations like taking a complement can also be executed in ALU.
We can see that AVR does not have any register like accumulator as in
8051 family of microcontrol ers; the operations can be performed between
any of the registers and can be stored in either of them. AVR fol ows
Harvard Architecture format in which the processor is equipped with
separate memories and buses for Program and the Data information. Here
while an instruction is being executed, the next instruction is pre-fetched
from the program memory.
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