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Business Plan for a Startup Business

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The business plan consists of a narrative and several financial worksheets. The narrative template is the body of the business plan. It contains more than 150 questions divided into several sections. Work through the sections in any order that you like, except for the Executive Summary, which should be done last. Skip any questions that do not apply to your type of business. When you are finished writing your first draft, you'll have a collection of small essays on the various topics of the business plan. Then you'll want to edit them into a smooth-flowing narrative.
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Page 1 of 31 
Business Plan for a Startup Business
The business plan consists of a narrative and several financial worksheets. The narrative 
template is the body of the business plan. It contains more than 150 questions divided 
into several sections. Work through the sections in any order that you like, except for 
the Executive Summary, which should be done last. Skip any questions that do not apply 
to your type of business. When you are finished writing your first draft, you’ll have a 
collection of small essays on the various topics of the business plan. Then you’ll want to 
edit them into a smooth?flowing narrative. 
The real value of creating a business plan is not in having the finished product in hand; 
rather, the value lies in the process of researching and thinking about your business in a 
systematic way. The act of planning helps you to think things through thoroughly, 
study and research if you are not sure of the facts, and look at your ideas critically. It 
takes time now, but avoids costly, perhaps disastrous, mistakes later. 
This business plan is a generic model suitable for all types of businesses. However, you 
should modify it to suit your particular circumstances. Before you begin, review the 
section titled Refining the Plan, found at the end. It suggests emphasizing certain areas 
depending upon your type of business (manufacturing, retail, service, etc.). It also has 
tips for fine?tuning your plan to make an effective presentation to investors or bankers. 
If this is why you’re creating your plan, pay particular attention to your writing style. 
You will be judged by the quality and appearance of your work as well as by your 
ideas. 
It typically takes several weeks to complete a good plan. Most of that time is spent in 
research and re?thinking your ideas and assumptions. But then, that’s the value of the 
process. So make time to do the job properly. Those who do never regret the effort. And 
finally, be sure to keep detailed notes on your sources of information and on the 
assumptions underlying your financial data.  
If you need assistance with your business plan, contact the SCORE office in your area to 
set up a business counseling appointment with a SCORE volunteer or send your plan 
for review to a SCORE counselor at www.score.org. Call 1?800?634?0245 to get the 
contact information for the SCORE office closest to you. 

Page 2 of 31 
Business Plan
OWNERS
 
Your Business Name 
Address Line 1 
Address Line 2 
City, ST  ZIP Code 
Telephone  
 
Fax 
 
 
E?Mail 
 
 

Page 3 of 31 
I.
Table of Contents 
I.
Table of Contents ................................................................................................... 3
II.
Executive Summary............................................................................................... 4
III. General Company Description ............................................................................ 5
IV. Products and Services............................................................................................ 6
V.
Marketing Plan ....................................................................................................... 7
VI. Operational Plan .................................................................................................. 16
VII. Management and Organization ......................................................................... 21
VIII. Personal Financial Statement ............................................................................. 22
IX. Startup Expenses and Capitalization ................................................................ 23
X.
Financial Plan ....................................................................................................... 24
XI. Appendices ........................................................................................................... 27
XII. Refining the Plan .................................................................................................. 28

Page 4 of 31 
II.
Executive Summary 
Write this section last. 
We suggest that you make it two pages or fewer. 
Include everything that you would cover in a five?minute interview. 
Explain the fundamentals of the proposed business:  What will your product be? Who 
will your customers be? Who are the owners? What do you think the future holds for 
your business and your industry? 
Make it enthusiastic, professional, complete, and concise. 
If applying for a loan, state clearly how much you want, precisely how you are going to 
use it, and how the money will make your business more profitable, thereby ensuring 
repayment. 

Page 5 of 31 
III. General Company Description 
What business will you be in? What will you do? 
Mission Statement: Many companies have a brief mission statement, usually in 30 
words or fewer, explaining their reason for being and their guiding principles. If you 
want to draft a mission statement, this is a good place to put it in the plan, followed by: 
Company Goals and Objectives: Goals are destinations—where you want your business 
to be. Objectives are progress markers along the way to goal achievement. For example, 
a goal might be to have a healthy, successful company that is a leader in customer 
service and that has a loyal customer following. Objectives might be annual sales targets 
and some specific measures of customer satisfaction. 
Business Philosophy: What is important to you in business? 
To whom will you market your products? (State it briefly here—you will do a more 
thorough explanation in the Marketing Plan section). 
Describe your industry.  Is it a growth industry? What changes do you foresee in the 
industry, short term and long term? How will your company be poised to take 
advantage of them? 
Describe your most important company strengths and core competencies. What factors 
will make the company succeed? What do you think your major competitive strengths 
will be? What background experience, skills, and strengths do you personally bring to 
this new venture? 
Legal form of ownership: Sole proprietor, Partnership, Corporation, Limited liability 
corporation (LLC)?  Why have you selected this form? 

Page 6 of 31 
IV. Products and Services 
Describe in depth your products or services (technical specifications, drawings, photos, 
sales brochures, and other bulky items belong in Appendices). 
What factors will give you competitive advantages or disadvantages? Examples include 
level of quality or unique or proprietary features. 
What are the pricing, fee, or leasing structures of your products or services? 

Page 7 of 31 
V.
Marketing Plan 
Market research - Why?
No matter how good your product and your service, the venture cannot succeed 
without effective marketing. And this begins with careful, systematic research. It is very 
dangerous to assume that you already know about your intended market. You need to 
do market research to make sure you’re on track. Use the business planning process as 
your opportunity to uncover data and to question your marketing efforts. Your time 
will be well spent. 
Market research - How?
There are two kinds of market research: primary and secondary. 
Secondary research means using published information such as industry profiles, trade 
journals, newspapers, magazines, census data, and demographic profiles. This type of 
information is available in public libraries, industry associations, chambers of 
commerce, from vendors who sell to your industry, and from government agencies. 
Start with your local library. Most librarians are pleased to guide you through their 
business data collection. You will be amazed at what is there. There are more online 
sources than you could possibly use. Your chamber of commerce has good information 
on the local area. Trade associations and trade publications often have excellent 
industry?specific data. 
Primary research means gathering your own data. For example, you could do your own 
traffic count at a proposed location, use the yellow pages to identify competitors, and 
do surveys or focus?group interviews to learn about consumer preferences.  
Professional market research can be very costly, but there are many books that show 
small business owners how to do effective research themselves. 
In your marketing plan, be as specific as possible; give statistics, numbers, and sources. 
The marketing plan will be the basis, later on, of the all?important sales projection. 
Economics
Facts about your industry: 
• What is the total size of your market? 

Page 8 of 31 
• What percent share of the market will you have? (This is important only if you 
think you will be a major factor in the market.) 
• Current demand in target market. 
• Trends in target market—growth trends, trends in consumer preferences, and 
trends in product development. 
• Growth potential and opportunity for a business of your size. 
• What barriers to entry do you face in entering this market with your new 
company? Some typical barriers are: 
o High capital costs 
o High production costs 
o High marketing costs 
o Consumer acceptance and brand recognition 
o Training and skills 
o Unique technology and patents 
o Unions 
o Shipping costs 
o Tariff barriers and quotas 
• And of course, how will you overcome the barriers? 
• How could the following affect your company? 
o Change in technology 
o Change in government regulations 
o Change in the economy 
o Change in your industry 

Page 9 of 31 
Product
In the Products and Services section, you described your products and services as you see 
them. Now describe them from your customers’ point of view. 
Features and Benefits 
List all of your major products or services. 
For each product or service: 
• Describe the most important features. What is special about it? 
• Describe the benefits. That is, what will the product do for the customer? 
Note the difference between features and benefits, and think about them. For example, 
a house that gives shelter and lasts a long time is made with certain materials and to a 
certain design; those are its features. Its benefits include pride of ownership, financial 
security, providing for the family, and inclusion in a neighborhood. You build features 
into your product so that you can sell the benefits. 
What after?sale services will you give? Some examples are delivery, warranty, service 
contracts, support, follow?up, and refund policy. 
Customers
Identify your targeted customers, their characteristics, and their geographic locations, 
otherwise known as their demographics. 
The description will be completely different depending on whether you plan to sell to 
other businesses or directly to consumers. If you sell a consumer product, but sell it 
through a channel of distributors, wholesalers, and retailers, you must carefully analyze 
both the end consumer and the middleman businesses to which you sell. 
You may have more than one customer group. Identify the most important groups.  
Then, for each customer group, construct what is called a demographic profile: 
• Age 
• Gender 
• Location 

Page 10 of 31 
• Income level 
• Social class and occupation 
• Education 
• Other (specific to your industry) 
• Other (specific to your industry) 
For business customers, the demographic factors might be: 
• Industry (or portion of an industry) 
• Location 
• Size of firm 
• Quality, technology, and price preferences 
• Other (specific to your industry) 
• Other (specific to your industry) 
Competition
What products and companies will compete with you? 
List your major competitors: 
(Names and addresses) 
Will they compete with you across the board, or just for certain products, certain 
customers, or in certain locations? 
Will you have important indirect competitors? (For example, video rental stores 
compete with theaters, although they are different types of businesses.) 
How will your products or services compare with the competition? 
Use the Competitive Analysis table below to compare your company with your two 
most important competitors. In the first column are key competitive factors. Since these 
vary from one industry to another, you may want to customize the list of factors. 

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