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Causes of WWI (2007)
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- World History, Culture and Geography Causes of WWI
- Long Term Causes - Nationalism
- Starting with the French Revolution
- National identities become important, desire dominance and prestige
- 1871 Germany and Italy become nations – they want to catch up with Britain, France
- Pride in country partly based upon industrial capacity, colonies
- Long Term Causes - Industrialization
- 1850’s on sees industrialization spread to continental Europe
- Economic competition between nations begin – Germany quickly gaining on Britain
- Transportation, communication, and military advances continue
- Need for markets and raw materials => imperialism
- Long Term Causes - Imperialism
- Nationalism and industrialization tied to colonial holdings
- Competition for colonies increases tensions
- European nations military, political, and economic domination of Africa and Asia build confidence
- Long Term Causes - Militarism
- Between 1870 and 1914, European nations increase military spend by 400%
- Many believed war was coming, began preparing
- German, Russian Generals extremely powerful
- Arms race developed
- Short Term Causes
- Entangling alliances pull everyone into the war
- Triple Alliance (Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy)
- Germany secretly told Austria-Hungary they would support them no matter what happened – called the “blank check”
- Short Term Causes
- Triple Entente (England, France, and Russia) – Treaty of Friendship
- France was concerned about Germany’s growing military
- England was concerned with Germany’s navy
- Precipitating Events
- Moroccan Crisis between France and Germany
- Balkan Wars between 1912-13 raised tensions between Russia, Serbia, Germany, and Austria-Hungary
- Balkans considered the “Powder Keg of Europe” – so many countries had national interests in the region
- The Domino Effect
- In June 1914, Archduke Ferdinand, heir to the throne of Austria-Hungary, travels to Sarajevo with his wife to review the Austrian Hungarian army on maneuvers.
- The Domino Effect
- June 28, 1914 – Austrian Archduke Ferdinand assassinated in Sarajevo, Bosnia
- A nineteen year-old member
- of the Black Hand, Gavrilo
- Princip, jumped from the
- sidewalk onto the Archduke's
- car and fired 2 shots. The
- Archduke and his wife were
- killed.
- Austria-Hungary issues an ultimatum to the Serbian government in order to allow Austrian forces to investigate the assassination and stop anti-Austrian activities in Bosnia
- The Domino Effect: War Starts . . .
- 2) Serbia refuses the ultimatum, Austria-Hungary declares war
- (3) Russia mobilizes an army to defend Serbia
- (4) Germany declares war on Russia
- The Domino Effect War Starts . . .
- (5) France declares war on Germany
- (6) Germany invades Belgium to attack France
- (7) Britain declares war on Germany
- The Domino Effect: War Starts . . .
- Italy decides that its chances to gain land are better with France, Britain, and Russia. Italy abandons its pre-wartime alliance with Germany and Austria-Hungary and joins the war on the side of France, Britain, and Russia.
- Most of the fighting takes place in Western Europe, even though the conflict started in the Balkans in Eastern Europe
- Fighting spreads to the colonies as well =global war!
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