Cortisol and Treatment Effect in Children With Disruptive Behavior Disorders : A Preliminary Study
Children who show persistent noncompliant, antiso-cial, and aggressive behavior are diagnosed as having
conduct disorder (CD) (DSM-IV) (American Psychi-
atric Association, 1994) or oppositional defiant disor-
der (ODD). According to DSM-IV (American
Psychiatric Association, 1994), both disorders are also
called disruptive behavior disorder (DBD). DBD is the
predominant juvenile disorder seen in mental health
services, accounting for between one third and one half
of all clinic referrals {Kazdin, 1995), and children with DBD are at high risk of criminality and antisocial per-
sonality disorders in adulthood (Rutter, 1997). Effec-
tive methods to treat these children are therefore
important. However, some biological factors might af-
fect the effectiveness of treatment because there is in-
creasing evidence that antisocial behavior is partly
genetically determined {Rutter, 1997).
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