FUTURE BIODIESEL RESEARCH
IN INDONESIA
Asian Science and Technology Seminar
Jakarta, 8 March 2007
SONI SOLISTIA WIRAWAN
Institute for Engineering and Technology System Design, BPPT
(Engineering Center – BPPT)
BPPT Bldg. II, 6th Floors
Jl. M.H. Thamrin 8, Jakarta, 10340
Telp : 021-3915536-37, 3168240
Fax : 021-3915535
Email address : soni@webmail.bppt.go.id
http://ec.bppt.go.id

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OUTLINE
1. INTRODUCTION
- Background
- Biodiesel Contribution On Fuel Substitution (2010)
- Current Biodiesel Utilization
- Biodiesel Industry Stages
2. BIODIESEL R&D ACTIVITY IN INDONESIA
3. BIODIESEL PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY
4. FUTURE RESEARCH TOPICS
5. CONCLUSION

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1. INTRODUCTION
Background
Indone S
s KE
ia M
n A MO
fos D
s EL P
il e E
n N
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r USA
gy HA
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s N
o PAN
urcAS
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sBUM
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limited
Deteriorating air quality in major cities eg. Jakarta
Abundant Biofuel
Raw Material
In recent years the popularity of
biodiesel has increased
dramatically in Indonesia.
GOVERNMENT POLICY ON
BIOFUEL PROGRAM
Back to Outline

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FOSSIL ENERGY RESOURCES
Around 63% of the Indonesian’s final energy demand is
still depend on oil (more than 60% for transportation
sector) (DESDM, 2005)
Proven reserve of oil is about 9 billion barrels and with an
average production rate of 500 million barrels per year, the
reserve will be exhausted in 18 years (DESDM, 2005)
Diesel fuel consumption in 2002 reached 24.2 million liters,
40% are imported (US Embassy, 2004)
The increase of the international crude oil and fuel price
has become a burden to the state budget, due to the
subsidizing policy of fuel products. If the current crude oil
price stays at around US$60 per barrel, for example,
Indonesia has to provide around IDR 89 trillion just for fuel
subsidy (Prihandana, 2006)
Back to Introduction

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AIR POLUTION PROBLEMS
Air quality of major cities in Indonesia has been
deteriorating especially in the city of Jakarta
(Wirahadikusumah, 2003).
One of the main contributor of the increases of air
pollutant is the transportation sector
Ambient air quality monitoring results suggest that NOx ,
CO and THC are a serious problem in almost all areas of
Jakarta. PM10 may be considered as a problem in certain
areas and motor vehicles are a major contributor of NOx,
PM10, CO and THC emission (more than 70% of each
parameter) (Syahril et al., 2002)
Implementation of International emission standard (Euro)
Back to Introduction

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BIODIESEL CONTRIBUTION ON
FUEL SUBSTITUTION (2010)
FUEL
TRANSPORTATION
ELECTRICITY
KEROSENE
(31,7 Million kL)
(7,6 Million kL)
(10 Million kL)
3,8 Million kL
1 Million kL
PREMIUM
ADO/”SOLAR”
(18,529Million kL)
(12,4 Million kL)
4,8 Million kL
1,24 Million kL
1,85 Million kL
BIODIESEL
BIO OIL
BIOETANOL
RAW
MATERIAL
CASSAVA
MOLASSES
PALM OIL
JATROPHA OIL
Back to Introduction
11 Million tons
600 Million tons
30,2 Million tons
3,84 MIllion tons

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CURRENT BIODIESEL UTILIZATION
Projected BIOSOLAR and FAME demand estimation
National Biodiesel Standard No. SNI
In million KL
04-7182-2006 has been issued
Projected BIOSOLAR market penetration
regulation of B10 has been issued by
the Directorate General Oil and Gas
Region
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
PERTAMINA has been formally selling
Sumatera
0.00
1.15
2.30
4.00
5.20
B5 with the trade name BIOSOLAR
Medan, Pekanbaru,
Palembang, Lampung
Obstacles :
Biodiesel producer :
Java
1.08
4.60
9.20
13.80
15.60
DKI +Jabotabek, Bandung,
Limited number of current biodiesel (FAME)
West Java, East Java + Bali
producers which could met the
requirement (fuel grade standard,
Sulawesi
0.00
0.00
0.00
1.00
1.60
production capacity, experience,
product continuity)
Kalimantan
0.00
0.00
0.00
1.00
2.50
Price :
Papua/Maluku
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.20
0.78
FAME price is tend to increase and passing
the MOPS price ( eg. price of FAME at 10
August 2006 = 108% price of Gas Oil
Projected BIOSOLAR and FAME demand estimation
MOPS)
Consumption
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
Biodiesel still classified as other fuel which
is not include in the subsidized fuel
BIOSOLAR
1.08
5.75
11.5
20
25.68
category (Price of biodiesel is
economical prize and must compete
FAME
0.05
0.29
0.58
1.00
1.28
with subsidized conventional fossil
diesel fuel)
Source : Pertamina, 2006

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BIODIESEL INDUSTRY STAGES
Plantation
Production
Transportation
Blending
Retail
End Customer
Transportation
Transportation
Industry
Downstream
Upstream
CHALLENGES :
Finding technology (for each stages) which could get more
competitive biodiesel fuel price
Back to Introduction

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2. BIODIESEL R&D ACTIVITY IN INDONESIA
• 1996, LEMIGAS (Oil and Gas Institute), in cooperation
with Pertamina (a state own oil company), has tested
biodiesel blended with automotive diesel oil (ADO) at a ratio
of 30:70 for commercial diesel engine vehicle in 1996
(Legowo, 2005). Currently, Lemigas specializes in the
testing methods for biodiesel fuel properties.
• ITB (Bandung Institute of Technology) has focused its
research and development on macroeconomic studies of
biodiesel, developing technology for jatropha oil extraction
and its conversion to methyl ester. The institute is also
focusing on standardization of fuels and on diesel engine
test series. The pilot scale biodiesel plant with the capacity
of 150 L product per batch was developed by ITB.

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• Department of Agriculture has worked on biodiesel
for several years. Its BB-Mektan (Agricultural
Mechanization Research Center) has tested the
performance of various blending of biodiesel and ADO
on the 5.5 KW stationary diesel engines (Handaka and
Agung Hendriardi, 2005).
PPKS Medan has also carried out research on
biodiesel production from palm oil. In cooperation with
ITB, they have conducted road test Java-Sumatra in
2004 which covered a total distance of 2,020 km
(Reksowardojo et al., 2005).
• IPB (Bogor Institute of Agriculture, BPPT Biotechnology
Center, Puslitbangbun (Center for Plantation Research
and Development, Department of Agriculture) now have
actively research in the field of farming technology.

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Document Outline

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