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How to Make Your Qt App Look Native

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How to Make Your Qt App Look Native
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Content Preview
  1. Agenda •? Introduction •? Styles •? Style sheets •? Dialogs •? Cross platform tips •? Platform specific tips 1
  2. Who am I? •? Jens Bache-Wiig –? Qt developer since 2005 –? Works on look and feel 2
  3. 3
  4. Introduction “Media reviews of your product will be more positive…” Apple Interface Guidelines 4
  5. Introduction •? Platform guidelines –? Windows User Experience Interaction Guidelines –? Apple Human Interface Guidelines –? KDE User Interface Guidelines –? GNOME HIG 5
  6. QStyle 6
  7. QStyle •? Appearance •? Size and shape •? Any platform specific behavior 7
  8. QStyle •? Do not force a specific style •? Ship all available styles –? Make sure to compile with GTK+ headers on X11 and the Windows Vista SDK on windows •? Always use the style when implementing custom widgets 8
  9. 9
  10. 10
  11. QStyle 11
  12. QStyle •? What if I need to modify a style? 12
  13. QStyle •? Don’t subclass it! •? Use a proxy style 13
  14. QStyle •? QProxyStyle introduced in 4.6 –? Makes it easy to customize the platform style –? Without breaking it ? 14
  15. QStyle 15
  16. Agenda •? Introduction •? Styles •? Style sheets •? Dialogs •? Cross platform tips •? Platform specific tips 16
  17. Style Sheets •? Use carefully •? Tends to break look and feel •? Try to blend with system palette –? Use transparency –? Use palette colors 17
  18. Style Sheets 18
  19. Style Sheets Avoid hardcoding colors QString css = "QLabel { color:palette(highlight); }”; If you need completely custom colors QColor color(255, 0, 0); QString css = QString("QLabel { color: %1; }").arg(color.name()); 19
  20. Style sheets •? How can I make a segmented button? 20
  21. Style sheets 21
  22. Style sheets 22
  23. Style sheets •? Attach a style sheet to a particular style: QToolButton[style=QMacStyle] { border-image: url(:/button_mac.png); } QToolButton[style=QWindowsVistaStyle] { border-image: url(:/button_vista.png); } 23
  24. Style sheets 24
  25. Agenda •? Introduction •? Styles •? Style sheets •? Dialogs •? Cross platform tips •? Platform specific tips 25
  26. Dialogs Windows Mac KDE GNOME 26
  27. Dialogs QDialogButtonBox - Manages order, layout, icon and text QDialogButtonBox box(QDialogButtonBox::Save | QDalogButtonBox::Discard | QDialogButtonBox::Cancel); 27
  28. Dialogs •? Custom buttons are marked with a role –? Determines positioning –? Reject, accept, help … QDialogButtonBox box; box.addButton(myButton, QDialogButtonBox::AcceptRole); 28
  29. Dialogs Traditional modal dialog MyQDialogSubclass dialog; // Various bits of initialization if (dialog.exec() == QDialog::Accept) { // Set new values or do extra work // based on results. } 29
  30. Dialogs •? Windows –? Use only for critical or infrequent one-off tasks that require completion before continuing •? KDE –? Use only if allowing interaction would cause data loss or some other serious problem 30
  31. Dialogs •? What happens when you open a modal dialog? 31
  32. Dialogs •? QDialog::show() - non modal •? QDialog::exec() - modal •? QDialog::open() – window modal 32
  33. Dialogs Using QDialog::open() : 33
  34. Dialogs 34
  35. Dialogs 35
  36. Dialogs 36
  37. Agenda •? Introduction •? Styles •? Style sheets •? Dialogs •? Cross platform tips •? Platform specific tips 37
  38. Cross platform tips How do you tell the user that the current document was modified? 38
  39. Cross platform tips •? When showing a file location in the title bar setWindowModified(true); setWindowFilePath("untitled.txt"); 39
  40. Cross platform tips 40
  41. Cross platform tips How can your application ask for attention? 41
  42. Cross platform tips QApplication::alert(widget, msec = 0); •? Bouncing dock icon on Mac •? Flashing taskbar entry on Windows 42
  43. Cross platform tips •? QSystemTrayIcon -use b/w icon on mac 43
  44. Cross platform tips Where do you store your documents? 44
  45. Cross platform tips •? QDesktopServices::storageLocation() –? gives you default system directories such as Desktop, Music, Pictures, Applications, Temp and Cache 45
  46. Cross platform tips How can you open an e-mail using your standard e-mail application? 46
  47. Cross platform tips •? QDesktopServices::openUrl(const QUrl &url) –? Launches the provided URL using the default system application openUrl(“mailto:myself@gmail.com”); openUrl(“http://qt.nokia.com”); openUrl(QUrl::fromLocalFile(…)); 47
  48. Cross platform tips Which shortcut do I use for “find” in a document? 48
  49. Cross platform tips •? Depends on your platform! •? Use standard shortcuts whenever possible •? Test for conflicts on all platforms QAction action; action.setShortcuts(QKeySequence::Find); 49
  50. Cross platform tips // Get a list of all keys for a StandardKey. QList<QKeySequence> keys = QKeySequence::keyBindings(QKeySequence::NextChild); foreach (QKeySequence key, keys) { printOut(key.toString(QKeySequence::PortableText)); } … 50
  51. Cross platform tips •? Use a consistent icon theme •? Lots of free themes available online –? Oxygen, Tango to mention a few http://www.oxygen-icons.org http://tango.freedesktop.org 51
  52. Cross platform tips •? Icon theme support in 4.6 QIcon::fromTheme(“document-edit”); QIcon::fromTheme(“document-edit”, QIcon(“document.png”)); For previous versions of Qt: http://code.google.com/p/qticonloader/ 52
  53. Cross platform tips 53
  54. Cross platform tips 54
  55. Cross platform tips •? Give your QAction priority –? Introduced in 4.6 –? low, normal and high priority QAction::setPriority(QAction::Priority) 55
  56. Cross platform tips 56
  57. Cross platform tips 57
  58. Cross platform tips •? Icons in menus –? Not visible on Mac –? Visible on Windows and KDE –? Depends on the system setting in GNOME •? Override with –? QAction::setIconVisibleInMenu(bool) –? QApplication::setAttribute(Qt::AA_DontShowIconsInMenus) 58
  59. Cross platform tips - Dialogs •? Preferences on GNOME/Mac –? Applies immediately •? Preferences on Windows/KDE –? Apply/Cancel 59
  60. Cross platform tips •? MDI interfaces –? Mac does not support it –? GTK+ does not support it –? Microsoft: •? SDI is appropriate for most productivity applications. MDI is still in use, but does not fit as well with today's users and operating systems 60
  61. Go native! •? Ifdef is evil but sometimes useful… –? Q_WS_WIN –? Q_WS_MAC –? Q_WS_X11 61
  62. The window id –? QWidget::winId() –? Returns a native window handle •? HWND on Windows •? NSView* on Cocoa •? X11 handle –? Allows using native API •? Windows Vista or Windows 7 specific features 62
  63. Agenda •? Introduction •? Styles •? Style sheets •? Dialogs •? Cross platform tips •? Platform specific tips 63
  64. Platform specific tips 64
  65. Mac –? MacMainWindow demo 65
  66. Mac •? Icons –? Use a high-resolution application icon –? Use a b/w system tray icon 66
  67. Mac •? QMenuBar can stand on it’s own! –? Create it without a parent –? The first menu bar created will be the default menu bar 67
  68. Mac QMainWindow::setUnifiedTitleAndToolBarOnMac() 68
  69. Mac •? Why not allways set it? –? Not movable –? No breaks are respected –? Custom widgets hidden when small –? Toolbar hidden in fullscreen 69
  70. Mac •? Unified toolbar breakage…. 70
  71. Mac – Doc menu QMenu*menu = new QMenu; // Add actions to the menu // Connect them to slots ... extern void qt_mac_set_dock_menu(QMenu *); qt_mac_set_dock_menu(menu); 71
  72. Mac •? Qt automatically rearranges menu entries –? Based on name: about, settings, preferences, quit, exit –? Override with QAction::menuRole •? AboutRole, PreferencesRole, QuitRole, NoRole (do not move) •? Example •? A QMenu entry called “settings” goes to Application::preferences on mac 72
  73. X11 73
  74. X11 •? Follow freedesktop.org standards if possible –? Menu specs –? Icon themes –? Autostart –? Bookmarks –? .desktop file 74
  75. X11 •? Make a desktop file –? standards.freedesktop.org/desktop-entry-spec/ –? Simple configuration file containing •? Application Icon •? Menu Entry •? Registered mime types •? … 75
  76. X11 •? How do you know if you are running KDE or GNOME? –? No 100% reliable way of doing it –? You can try the “DESKTOP_SESSION” env. variable •? “kde”, “gnome” 76
  77. X11 •? Test on both KDE and GNOME –? Different shortcuts –? Different themes –? Window behavior 77
  78. 78
  79. Windows tips •? QSettings uses the windows registry –? you can also use QSettings to read system settings QSettings settings("HKEY_CURRENT_USER … ExplorerAdvanced”, QSettings::NativeFormat); bool result = settings.value("EnableBalloonTips”, true).toBool(); 79
  80. Windows tips •? Try explorer style http://labs.trolltech.com/blogs/2007/06/08/explorer-style-toolbars/ 80
  81. Windows tips •? QtDotNetStyle –? Free solution 81
  82. Windows tips •? Enable blur behind on Vista or windows 7 –? No API in Qt for this yet –? However you can use the windows API directly if you set WA_TranslucentBackground and WA_NoSystemBackground on the widget! 82
  83. Windows 83
  84. Conclusion 84

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