How To Use The Harvard Style Of Referencing

How to Use the Harvard Style of ReferencingNorman CreaneyReferencing - how, what, why?In scientific and There are a number of ways of technical report writing referencing other peoples work, but you will often want to they all share some features.refer to other work that is somehow related to A citation is inserted at the your own.   appropriate point in your text to  indicate the existence of related Failure to properly work.acknowledge your sources may leave you A full reference is given open to accusations of separately for each citation, to plagiarism. enable the reader to trace the corresponding work.Harvard - how, what, why?Main TextThe Harvard Referencing System Google's search engine uses the concept of PageRank is an agreed (Brin, S., Page, L. 1998) to assign a value to each individual web page. This enables it to identify the most standard.important pages that match a user's query.It ensures that ... ...references are clear Reference Listand unambiguous.Brin, S. & Page, L., 1998. The Anatomy of a Large-Scale Hypertextual Web Search Engine. In: Seventh There are other International conference on World-Wide Web (WWW standards but 1998), April 14-18, 1998, Brisbane, Australia. Harvard is widely used.... ...How to Reference a BookAuthor's surname followed by a comma.Author's initials in capitals, with full-stop after each  - and a final comma.Year of publication followed by full-stop.Full title of book in italics with capitalization of first word and proper nouns only - followed by full-stop unless there is a sub-title - follow by full-stop.Edition number followed by the abbreviation "ed." - followed by full-stop. Place of publication: Town or city, follow by colon.Publisher - company name followed by full-stop.Russell, D.E. & Norvig, P., 2009. Artificial Intelligence: a modern approach , 3rd ed., Prentice-Hall.How to Reference a Journal ArticleAuthor's surname followed by a comma.Author's initials in capitals, with full-stop after each  - and a final comma.Year of publication followed by full-stop.Full title of the article - not in italics - with capitalization of first word and proper nouns only - followed by full-stop unless there is a sub-title. Full title of journal, in italics, with capitalization of key words - followed by comma.Volume numberIssue/Part number in brackets, followed by comma.Page range preceded by "pp."Knuth, D.E. & Moore, R.W., 1975. An Analysis of Alpha-Beta Pruning, Artificial Intelligence 6(4), pp. 293-326.How to Reference a Conference PaperAuthor's surname followed by a comma.Author's initials in capitals, with full-stop after each - and a final comma.Year of publication followed by full-stop.Full title of conference paper - not in italics - with capitalization of first word and proper nouns only - followed by full-stop.Full title of conference, in italics - followed by comma.Location followed by a comma.Date followed by a comma.Publisher (company name) followed by colon.Place of publication (town or city name) follow by full-stop.Brin, S. & Page, L., 1998. The Anatomy of a Large-Scale Hypertextual Web Search Engine. In: Seventh International conference on World-Wide Web (WWW 1998) , April 14-18, 1998, Brisbane, Australia.How to Reference a WebsiteAuthorship or Source - followed by commaYear - followed by full-stop.Title of web document or web page - in italics - followed by "[Online]"Date of most recent update - within round brackets.Available at - followed by the URL (underlined)Date of most recent access - in square brackets - followed by full-stopCreaney, N., 2008. Legal Issues for IT Professionals [Online] (Updated 26 September 2008) Available at: http://knol.google.com/k/-/-/1hzaxtdr9c09g/7# [Accessed 30 January 2009].How to Reference an Unpublished WorkIf a work has been accepted for publication but not yet published, then the reference is structured as follows:Creaney, N., (inpress) Dummies Guide to Professional Ethics . O'ReallyIf a work is circulated informally but not published, then the reference is structured as follows:Creaney, N., 2009. Lecture Notes on Professional Ehics. [Leaflet] University of Ulster.References with Incomplete Information199- the decade is the 1990s but the year is not known199? the decade is thought to be the 1990s1993 the year is thought to be 1993Anon the author is not knowns.l. the place of publication is not knowns.n. the name of the publisher is not knownWhether you are quoting, paraphrasing or extending someone else’s work, it is essential that you acknowledge your sources.  The Harvard Referencing System is a collection of rules and conventions that help you to do this clearly, consistently and unambiguously.  Citations are in parentheses in the main text and include author name and publication year.References are listed at the end of the report and are sorted by author name, then publication date.For more information ...