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IP Subnet Mask
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IP technic
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IP Address
IP Address
Internet Protocol Address
IP Address
Network
Router, Switch , Firewall , IP Camera , IP Phone , Access
point ,
IP
Address
IP Address
IPv4
(IP version 4)
IPv6 (IP version 6)
IP Address
IPv6
IP Address
Asia Pacific
APNIC
Internet
ISP
IP
APNIC
ISP
Certificate
CCNA , CCNP , LPI , Security + , CWNA
IP Address
IPv4
IPv4
IPv4
32 bits (4 bytes ,( 8bits=1byte))
4
8 bits
Dot
0
00000000 . 00000000 . 00000000 . 00000000
1
11111111 . 11111111 . 11111111 . 11111111
10
0
0.0.0.0
1
255.255.255.255
IPv4
0.0.0.0 255.255.255.255
IP
IPv4
0.0.0.0 - 255.255.555.555
IPv4
5
5 Class
byte
1
class A
byte 1
0
class B
byte 1
1
2
0
class C
byte 1
2
1
3
0
class D
byte
1
3
1
4
0
class E
byte
1
4
1
IP
Class
Class A
0.0.0.0
127.255.255.255
Class B
128.0.0.0
191.255.255.255
Class C
192.0.0.0
223.255.255.255
Class D
224.0.0.0
239.255.255.255
Class E
240.0.0.0
255.255.255.255
IP
Set
Host
3 Class
Class A, B
C
IP Class
D
multicast applications
IP Class E
IPv4
2
Public IP ( IP
)
Private IP ( IP
)
Public IP ( IP
)
IP
set
network
Server
Router
Public IP ( IP
)
Network Internet
Private IP ( IP
)
set
PC
Public IP
Internet
Gateway
Router ,Server
Modem
DSL
Service NAT (
)
Internet
Private IP
Class A,B
C
Class A : 10.x.x.x ( 10.0.0.0 - 10.255.255.255 )
Class B : 172.16.x.x - 172.31.x.x ( 172.16.0.0 - 172.31.255.255 )
Class C : 192.168.x.x ( 192.168.0.0 - 192.168.255.255 )
IPv4
IP Address
1
IP Address
Subnet Mask
IP Address
Network IP
IP Address
Broadcast IP
IP Address
Range host IP
IP
Subnets ,
hosts / Subnet
Subnet Mask
network
IP Address
4
255.255.255.0
computer
network
subnet
Subnet Mask
Subnet Mask
/30
mask 30 bits
/27
mask 27 bits
/20
mask 20 bits
mask bit
Subnet Mask
bits
mask
1 bits
0
Ex /30
/30
11111111 . 11111111 . 11111111 . 111111/00
Subnet Mask
/30
255.255.255.252
11111111 . 11111111 . 11111111 . 111111/00
1
8
255
1
6
252
24 bits
1
bits
30
252
Ex /27
/27
11111111 . 11111111 . 11111111 . 111/00000
Subnet Mask
/27
255.255.255.224
Ex /20
/20
11111111 . 11111111 . 1111/0000 . 00000000
Subnet Mask
/20
255.255.240.0
Subnet Mask
Mask
default
IP Class
Class A = Mask 8 bits = 255 . 0 . 0 . 0
Class B = Mask 16 bits = 255 . 255 . 0 . 0
Class C = Mask 24 bits = 255 . 255 . 255 . 0
Subnet mask
Mask 10 = 255 . 192 . 0 . 0
Mask 21 = 255 . 255 . 248 . 0
Mask 11 = 255 . 224 . 0 . 0
Mask 22 = 255 . 255 . 252 . 0
Mask 12 = 255 . 240 . 0 . 0
Mask 23 = 255 . 255 . 254 . 0
Mask 13 = 255 . 248 . 0 . 0
Mask 25 = 255 . 255 . 255 . 128
Mask 14 = 255 . 252 . 0 . 0
Mask 26 = 255 . 255 . 255 . 192
Mask 15 = 255 . 254 . 0 . 0
Mask 27 = 255 . 255 . 255 . 224
Mask 17 = 255 . 255 . 128 . 0
Mask 28 = 255 . 255 . 255 . 240
Mask 18 = 255 . 255 . 192 . 0
Mask 29 = 255 . 255 . 255 . 248
Mask 19 = 255 . 255 . 224 . 0
Mask 30 = 255 . 255 . 255 . 252
Mask 20 = 255 . 255 . 240 . 0
Mask 31 = 255 . 255 . 255 . 254
1
255
1
4
240
0
0
Subnet Mask
Network IP
Broadcast IP
Network IP
IP
Subnet
Routing
Set
PC
Broadcast IP
IP
Subnet
Broadcast
Set
PC
Ex.1 192.168.22.50/30
30
Subnet Mask
255.255.255.252
1
8
255 (
1
6
252
subnet mask
255.255.255.252
IP
Subnet
Subnet Mask
2 bit
00 , 01 , 10 , 11
4
00 , 01 , 10 , 11
00
0
01
1
10
2
11
3
IP
Subnet
Subnet Mask
255.255.255.252
4
252
4
30
IP
subnet
0-3 , 4-7 , 8-11 , _ _ _ , 252-255
IPv4
192.168.22.0 - 192.168.22.3
192.168.22.4 - 192.168.22.7
192.168.22.8 - 192.168.22.11
-----------
192.168.22.48 - 192.168.22.51
---------
192.168.22.252 - 192.168.22.255
3
and
bit
3
bit 1
add
3
10
IP Address
subnet
Network IP
IP Address
subnet
Broadcast IP
192.168.22.50/30
1. Network IP
IP Address
192.168.22.48
2. Broadcast IP
IP Address
192.168.22.51
3. Range hosts IP
hosts Per Subnet
192.168.22.49 - 192.168.22.50
IP
set
host
2 IP
Network IP
Subnet Mask
AND
IP Address
Network IP
IP
IP
Subnet
192.168.22.50/30
50
4
Netwok IP
/30
1 subnet
IP
4
Ex.2 192 .168.5.33/27 which IP address should be assigned to the PC host ?
A.192.168.5.5
B.192.168.5.32
C. 192.168.5.40
D. 192.168.5.63
E. 192.168.5.75
27
11111111 . 11111111 . 11111111 . 111/XXXX X = mask 27 bit
1
5
bit
/27
255 . 255 . 255 . 224
4
bit
8 bit
111
128+64+32 = 224
Subnet Mask
IP
Subnet
32
224
32
192 .168.5.33/27
Network
192.168.5.33/27
192.168.5.32 - 192.168.5.63
IP
Network IP ( 192.168.5.32 )
IP
Broadcast IP (
192.168.5.63 )
set
PC
IP
Set
PC
192.168.5.33 - 192.168.5.62
C. 192.168.5.40
Ex.3 IP 10.10.10.0/13
IP
set
host
IP
set
host
Network IP
Broadcast IP
13
mask 13 bit
subnet mask
11111111 . 11111/XXX . XXXXXXXX . XXXXXXXX = mask 13 bit
1
bit
/13
255 . 248 . 0 . 0
IP 10.10.10.0 subnet mask 255.248.0.0
IP
subnet mask
255.248.0.0
1
10
3
4
0 - 255
2
IP
10 . X . 0 . 0
-
10 . X . 255 . 255
248 (
2 )
3
IP
8
0-7 , 8-15 , 16- 23 , _ _ _ , 248-255
10 . 0 . 0 . 0
-
10 . . 255 . 255
10 . 8 . 0 . 0
-
10 .
. 255 . 255 ------------>
10 . 16 . 0 . 0 - 10 .
. 255 . 255
------------
10 . 248 . 0 . 0 - 10 .
. 255 . 255
10.10.10.0/13
IP
10 .8 . 0 . 0 - 10 . 15 . 255 . 255
1. Network IP
IP Address
10 . 8 . 0 . 0
2. Broadcast IP
IP Address
10 . 15 . 255 . 255
3. Range host IP
10 . 8 . 0 . 1 - 10 . 15 . 255 . 254
IP 10.10.10.0/13
Host
Subnet
hosts / Subnet
hosts
Subnet
Subnet Mask
2n - 2
n
bits
Mask
2
Network IP
Broadcast IP
Ex.1 /30 11111111 . 11111111 . 11111111 . 111111/00
255.255.255.252
hosts/Subnet = 2n - 2 = 22 - 2 = 4 - 2 = 2
Ex.2 /20 11111111 . 11111111 . 1111/0000 . 00000000
255.255.240.0
hosts/Subnet = 2n - 2 = 212- 2 = 4096 - 2 = 4094
Subnet
Subnet Mask
2n
2
Subnet
router cisco
IP Subnet Zero
n
bits
Mask
. (dot)
Ex.3 /30 11111111 . 11111111 . 11111111 . 111111/00
255.255.255.252
Subnet = 2n = 26 = 64
Ex.4 /20 11111111 . 11111111 . 1111/0000 . 00000000
255.255.240.0
Subnet = 2n = 24 = 16
Ex.5
/20
/27
Subnet
Mask
11111111 . 11111111 . 1111/1111 . 111/00000
Subnet = 2n = 27 = 128
IP Address
Internet Protocol Address
IP Address
Network
Router, Switch , Firewall , IP Camera , IP Phone , Access
point ,
IP
Address
IP Address
IPv4
(IP version 4)
IPv6 (IP version 6)
IP Address
IPv6
IP Address
Asia Pacific
APNIC
Internet
ISP
IP
APNIC
ISP
Certificate
CCNA , CCNP , LPI , Security + , CWNA
IP Address
IPv4
IPv4
IPv4
32 bits (4 bytes ,( 8bits=1byte))
4
8 bits
Dot
0
00000000 . 00000000 . 00000000 . 00000000
1
11111111 . 11111111 . 11111111 . 11111111
10
0
0.0.0.0
1
255.255.255.255
IPv4
0.0.0.0 255.255.255.255
IP
IPv4
0.0.0.0 - 255.255.555.555
IPv4
5
5 Class
byte
1
class A
byte 1
0
class B
byte 1
1
2
0
class C
byte 1
2
1
3
0
class D
byte
1
3
1
4
0
class E
byte
1
4
1
IP
Class
Class A
0.0.0.0
127.255.255.255
Class B
128.0.0.0
191.255.255.255
Class C
192.0.0.0
223.255.255.255
Class D
224.0.0.0
239.255.255.255
Class E
240.0.0.0
255.255.255.255
IP
Set
Host
3 Class
Class A, B
C
IP Class
D
multicast applications
IP Class E
IPv4
2
Public IP ( IP
)
Private IP ( IP
)
Public IP ( IP
)
IP
set
network
Server
Router
Public IP ( IP
)
Network Internet
Private IP ( IP
)
set
PC
Public IP
Internet
Gateway
Router ,Server
Modem
DSL
Service NAT (
)
Internet
Private IP
Class A,B
C
Class A : 10.x.x.x ( 10.0.0.0 - 10.255.255.255 )
Class B : 172.16.x.x - 172.31.x.x ( 172.16.0.0 - 172.31.255.255 )
Class C : 192.168.x.x ( 192.168.0.0 - 192.168.255.255 )
IPv4
IP Address
1
IP Address
Subnet Mask
IP Address
Network IP
IP Address
Broadcast IP
IP Address
Range host IP
IP
Subnets ,
hosts / Subnet
Subnet Mask
network
IP Address
4
255.255.255.0
computer
network
subnet
Subnet Mask
Subnet Mask
/30
mask 30 bits
/27
mask 27 bits
/20
mask 20 bits
mask bit
Subnet Mask
bits
mask
1 bits
0
Ex /30
/30
11111111 . 11111111 . 11111111 . 111111/00
Subnet Mask
/30
255.255.255.252
11111111 . 11111111 . 11111111 . 111111/00
1
8
255
1
6
252
24 bits
1
bits
30
252
Ex /27
/27
11111111 . 11111111 . 11111111 . 111/00000
Subnet Mask
/27
255.255.255.224
Ex /20
/20
11111111 . 11111111 . 1111/0000 . 00000000
Subnet Mask
/20
255.255.240.0
Subnet Mask
Mask
default
IP Class
Class A = Mask 8 bits = 255 . 0 . 0 . 0
Class B = Mask 16 bits = 255 . 255 . 0 . 0
Class C = Mask 24 bits = 255 . 255 . 255 . 0
Subnet mask
Mask 10 = 255 . 192 . 0 . 0
Mask 21 = 255 . 255 . 248 . 0
Mask 11 = 255 . 224 . 0 . 0
Mask 22 = 255 . 255 . 252 . 0
Mask 12 = 255 . 240 . 0 . 0
Mask 23 = 255 . 255 . 254 . 0
Mask 13 = 255 . 248 . 0 . 0
Mask 25 = 255 . 255 . 255 . 128
Mask 14 = 255 . 252 . 0 . 0
Mask 26 = 255 . 255 . 255 . 192
Mask 15 = 255 . 254 . 0 . 0
Mask 27 = 255 . 255 . 255 . 224
Mask 17 = 255 . 255 . 128 . 0
Mask 28 = 255 . 255 . 255 . 240
Mask 18 = 255 . 255 . 192 . 0
Mask 29 = 255 . 255 . 255 . 248
Mask 19 = 255 . 255 . 224 . 0
Mask 30 = 255 . 255 . 255 . 252
Mask 20 = 255 . 255 . 240 . 0
Mask 31 = 255 . 255 . 255 . 254
1
255
1
4
240
0
0
Subnet Mask
Network IP
Broadcast IP
Network IP
IP
Subnet
Routing
Set
PC
Broadcast IP
IP
Subnet
Broadcast
Set
PC
Ex.1 192.168.22.50/30
30
Subnet Mask
255.255.255.252
1
8
255 (
1
6
252
subnet mask
255.255.255.252
IP
Subnet
Subnet Mask
2 bit
00 , 01 , 10 , 11
4
00 , 01 , 10 , 11
00
0
01
1
10
2
11
3
IP
Subnet
Subnet Mask
255.255.255.252
4
252
4
30
IP
subnet
0-3 , 4-7 , 8-11 , _ _ _ , 252-255
IPv4
192.168.22.0 - 192.168.22.3
192.168.22.4 - 192.168.22.7
192.168.22.8 - 192.168.22.11
-----------
192.168.22.48 - 192.168.22.51
---------
192.168.22.252 - 192.168.22.255
3
and
bit
3
bit 1
add
3
10
IP Address
subnet
Network IP
IP Address
subnet
Broadcast IP
192.168.22.50/30
1. Network IP
IP Address
192.168.22.48
2. Broadcast IP
IP Address
192.168.22.51
3. Range hosts IP
hosts Per Subnet
192.168.22.49 - 192.168.22.50
IP
set
host
2 IP
Network IP
Subnet Mask
AND
IP Address
Network IP
IP
IP
Subnet
192.168.22.50/30
50
4
Netwok IP
/30
1 subnet
IP
4
Ex.2 192 .168.5.33/27 which IP address should be assigned to the PC host ?
A.192.168.5.5
B.192.168.5.32
C. 192.168.5.40
D. 192.168.5.63
E. 192.168.5.75
27
11111111 . 11111111 . 11111111 . 111/XXXX X = mask 27 bit
1
5
bit
/27
255 . 255 . 255 . 224
4
bit
8 bit
111
128+64+32 = 224
Subnet Mask
IP
Subnet
32
224
32
192 .168.5.33/27
Network
192.168.5.33/27
192.168.5.32 - 192.168.5.63
IP
Network IP ( 192.168.5.32 )
IP
Broadcast IP (
192.168.5.63 )
set
PC
IP
Set
PC
192.168.5.33 - 192.168.5.62
C. 192.168.5.40
Ex.3 IP 10.10.10.0/13
IP
set
host
IP
set
host
Network IP
Broadcast IP
13
mask 13 bit
subnet mask
11111111 . 11111/XXX . XXXXXXXX . XXXXXXXX = mask 13 bit
1
bit
/13
255 . 248 . 0 . 0
IP 10.10.10.0 subnet mask 255.248.0.0
IP
subnet mask
255.248.0.0
1
10
3
4
0 - 255
2
IP
10 . X . 0 . 0
-
10 . X . 255 . 255
248 (
2 )
3
IP
8
0-7 , 8-15 , 16- 23 , _ _ _ , 248-255
10 . 0 . 0 . 0
-
10 . . 255 . 255
10 . 8 . 0 . 0
-
10 .
. 255 . 255 ------------>
10 . 16 . 0 . 0 - 10 .
. 255 . 255
------------
10 . 248 . 0 . 0 - 10 .
. 255 . 255
10.10.10.0/13
IP
10 .8 . 0 . 0 - 10 . 15 . 255 . 255
1. Network IP
IP Address
10 . 8 . 0 . 0
2. Broadcast IP
IP Address
10 . 15 . 255 . 255
3. Range host IP
10 . 8 . 0 . 1 - 10 . 15 . 255 . 254
IP 10.10.10.0/13
Host
Subnet
hosts / Subnet
hosts
Subnet
Subnet Mask
2n - 2
n
bits
Mask
2
Network IP
Broadcast IP
Ex.1 /30 11111111 . 11111111 . 11111111 . 111111/00
255.255.255.252
hosts/Subnet = 2n - 2 = 22 - 2 = 4 - 2 = 2
Ex.2 /20 11111111 . 11111111 . 1111/0000 . 00000000
255.255.240.0
hosts/Subnet = 2n - 2 = 212- 2 = 4096 - 2 = 4094
Subnet
Subnet Mask
2n
2
Subnet
router cisco
IP Subnet Zero
n
bits
Mask
. (dot)
Ex.3 /30 11111111 . 11111111 . 11111111 . 111111/00
255.255.255.252
Subnet = 2n = 26 = 64
Ex.4 /20 11111111 . 11111111 . 1111/0000 . 00000000
255.255.240.0
Subnet = 2n = 24 = 16
Ex.5
/20
/27
Subnet
Mask
11111111 . 11111111 . 1111/1111 . 111/00000
Subnet = 2n = 27 = 128
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