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Jatropha curcas L., a potential bioenergy crop. On field research ...
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Facolt di Agraria
Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Agrarie
Laurea Magistrale in Scienze e Tecnologie Agrarie
Jatropha curcas L., a potential bioenergy crop.
On field research in Belize.
Relatore:
Prof. Mario Malagoli, Universit degli Studi di Padova
Correlatore:
Dr. ir. Raymond Jongschaap, Wageningen University and Research centre,
Plant Research International
Laureando:
Berardo da Schio
Matricola n 588712
Anno Accademico 2009/2010
If you use information from this M.Sc. dissertation document, please cite
and refer to:
da Schio, B., 2010. Jatropha curcas L., a potential bioenergy crop. On field
research in Belize. M.Sc. dissertation. Padua University, Italy
and Wageningen University and Research centre, Plant Research
International, the Netherlands.
Т Sub umbra floreo”.
National motto of Belize.
Table of Contents
List of Abbreviations...7
Abstract...11
1.Introduction...13
1.1 Energy crisis and global climate...13
1.2 Jatropha curcas L., a potential bioenergy crop...18
1.2.1 Knowledge gaps in Jatropha curcas L. research...28
1.2.2 Selection of knowledge gaps and justification...31
1.3 Aim and objectives of the thesis...33
2.Materials and Methods...35
2.1 Research at PRI Wageningen, the Netherlands...35
2.2 On field research in Belize, Central America...36
2.2.1 Climate data...39
2.2.2 Maya Ranch trial...40
2.2.3 Warrie Head trial...44
2.2.4 Central Farm trial...45
2.3 Statistical analysis...49
3.Results and discussions...51
3.1 Important drivers for Jatropha curcas L. growth and development and how are
these for Belize...51
3.1.1 Radiation and light interception...51
3.1.2 Temperature...52
3.1.3 Water...53
3.1.4 Vapour pressure and wind speed...53
3.2 Response of genetically different accessions to available resources in Belize...55
3.2.1 Seed dimension and weight...55
3.2.2 Seed germination rate...58
3.2.3 Biomass development at nursery stage: LA, fresh weight, taproot length...60
T
able of Contents
3.3 Resources use efficiency and optimization for jatropha crop conditions in Belize..
...63
3.3.1 Plant density...63
3.3.2 Plant spacing...64
3.3.3 Crop management...71
3.4 Discussions...80
4.Conclusions...85
5.Acknowledgements...89
Annex 1. Growth parameters and sustainability indicators tables...91
Annex 2. Experimental designs...99
References...107
6
List of Abbreviations
AET... Actual Evapo-Transpiration
aft. …...after (in Annex 1)
agr. …... agricultural (in Annex 1)
BNMS...Belize National Meteorological Service
BT... Bullet Tree
CBD...Convention on Biological Diversity
CDM... Clean Development Mechanism
CF... Central Farm
COCyTECH.. Consejo de Ciencia y Tecnología
comm. …... communication
DM... Dry matter
DMA... Dry matter assignment
EEP... Energy and Environment Partnership
EM... Effective Micro-organisms
ERA-ARD... Agricultural Research for Development; Dimension of the European
Research Area
EU...European Union
FACT... Fuel on Agricultural Common Technology
FAO... Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
GHG... Greenhouse gases
GUARD...Galen University – Applied Research and Development for Sustainability
Institute
HI...Harvest index
IEA... International Energy Agency
IPCC... International Panel on Climate Change
JC...Jatropha curcas L. (in Annex 1)
LA...Leaf Area
LAI... Leaf Area Index
LCA... Life Cycle Analysis
MR...Maya Ranch
NBS... Nucleotide Binding Site
NGO... Non Governmental Organization
L
ist of Abbreviations
OAS... Organization of the American States
OM...Organic Matter
PET... Potential Evapo-Transpiration
pm... parameter (in Annex 1)
PRI...Plant Research International
PS...Production system (in Annex 1)
T,M,B...Top, Middle, Bottom branches (in Annex 1)
TSDF...Tropical Studies and Development Foundation
UB... University of Belize
UNEP... United Nations Environment Programme
UNDP...United Nations Development Programme
UNFCCC... United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change
USD... United States Dollar
WH... Warrie Head
WUR...Wageningen University and Research centre
8
Ai miei genitori,
e ai miei nonni.
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