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Embedded Electronic Systems
3
0
0
2
,
l
e
d
e
rw
Ma
e
n
i
s
e
G
,
e
t
l
o
N
ra
d
n
a
x
Davide Brunelli
e
Al
(c)
:
DISI - University of Trento
cs
i
h
p
AA 2011-2012
ra
G
P.Marwedel
- 1 -
Motivation for Course (1)
According to forecasts characterized
by terms such as
Disappearing computer,
Ubiquitous computing,
Pervasive computing,
Ambient intelligence,
Post-PC era,
Cyber-physical systems.
Basic technologies:
Embedded Systems
Communication technologies
P.Marwedel
- 2 -
1
Un
U i
n ver
ve sitat
a Do
D r
o tmun
u d
n
Motivation for Course (2)
"Information technology (IT) is on the verge of another
revolution. Driven by the increasing capabilities and ever declining costs
of computing and communications devices, IT is being embedded into a
growing range of physical devices linked together through networks and
will become ever more pervasive as the component technologies become
smaller, faster, and cheaper... These networked systems of embedded
computers ... have the potential to change radically the way people interact
with their environment by linking together a range of devices and sensors
that will allow information to be collected, shared, and processed in
unprecedented ways. ... The use of [these embedded computers]
throughout society could well dwarf previous milestones in the
information revolution."
Source. Ed Lee, UC Berkeley,
National Research Council Report (US)
ARTEMIS Embedded Systems
Embedded Everywhere
Conference, Graz, 5/2006]
P.Marwedel
- 3 -
Un
U i
n ver
ve sitat
a Do
D r
o tmun
u d
n
Growing importance of embedded systems (1)
Spending on GPS units exceeded $100 mln during Thanksgiving
week, up 237% from 2006 ... More people bought GPS units than
bought PCs, NPD found. [www.itfacts.biz, Dec. 6th, 2007]
..., the market for remote home health monitoring is expected to
generate $225 mln revenue in 2011, up from less than $70 mln in
2006, according to Parks Associates. . [www.itfacts.biz, Sep. 4th, 2007]
According to IDC the identity and access management (IAM) market
in Australia and New Zealand (ANZ) ... is expected to increase at a
compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 13.1% to reach $189.3 mln
by 2012 [www.itfacts.biz, July 26th, 2008].
Accessing the Internet via a mobile device up by 82% in the US, by
49% in Europe, from May 2007 to May 2008 [www.itfacts.biz, July
29th, 2008]
P.Marwedel
- 4 -
2
Un
U i
n ver
ve sitat
a Do
D r
o tmun
u d
n
Growing importance of embedded systems (2)
.. but embedded chips form the backbone of the
electronics driven world in which we live ... they are
part of almost everything that runs on electricity
[Mary Ryan, EEDesign, 1995]
The future is embedded, Embedded is the future!
Foundation for the "post PC era"
ES hardly discussed in other CS courses
Importance
ES important for Technical University
of
education
ES important for Europe
Scope: sets context for specialized courses
P.Marwedel
1.3 ... importance - 5 -
Un
U i
n ver
ve sitat
a Do
D r
o tmun
u d
n
Copyright 2003 Mani Srivastava
Where are the CPUs?
Estimated 98% of 8 Billion CPUs produced in 2000 used for embedded apps
Where Has CS Focused?
Where Are the Processors?
Direct
2%
Interactive
Robots
Vehicles
Computers
6%
12%
200M
Servers,
8.5B Parts
per Year
per Year
etc.
In Vehicles
In Robots
Embedded
Look for the CPUs...the Opportunities Wil Follow!
- 6 -
Source: DARPA/Intel (Tennenhouse)
3
Un
U i
n ver
ve sitat
a Do
D r
o tmun
u d
n
Copyright 2003 Mani Srivastava
History of Computing
Technology discontinuities drive new computing paradigms and applications
1960
Mainframe
IBM
Mini
DEC
1970
Workstation
Sun, HP
1980
PC
Intel, Dell
1990
Routers
Cisco
Cell phones, PDAs
Nokia, Palm
1995
Networked Embedded
???
1998
Systems?
2000
Increasing # of computers / person
Increasing connectivity
- 7 -
Un
U i
n ver
ve sitat
a Do
D r
o tmun
u d
n
Embedded: the Third Wave in Computing
Still
devices
demand
high
attention
from the
user!
- 8 -
4
Un
U i
n ver
ve sitat
a Do
D r
o tmun
u d
n
Towards Pervasive computing..
- 9 -
Un
U i
n ver
ve sitat
a Do
D r
o tmun
u d
n
Embedded systems
and ubiquitous computing
Ubiquitous computing: Information anytime, anywhere.
Embedded systems provide fundamental technology.
Communication
Embedded
Technology
Systems
ty
i
l
f
i
Robots
Optical networking
o
e
b
a
e
Control systems
Network management
ty
i
c
m
d
l
i
ti
n
a
Feature extraction
Distributed applications
rv
l
-
e
u
e
and recognition
Service provision
Q
s
Rea
Dep
Sensors/actors
UMTS, DECT, Hiperlan, ATM
A/D-converters
Pervasive/Ubiquitous computing
Distributed systems
Embedded web systems
(c) European Commissi
P.Marwedel
o-
n 10 -
5
Un
U i
n ver
ve sitat
a Do
D r
o tmun
u d
n
Welcome to EES
Logistic
- 11 -
Un
U i
n ver
ve sitat
a Do
D r
o tmun
u d
n
Structure of this course
Architectures
Design Tools
Infrastructure
Algorithms
Design flows
Energy
Low-cost
ctrl
proc.
Efficient
Low-power
MSP430
ARC
Processing
- 12 -
6
Un
U i
n ver
ve sitat
a Do
D r
o tmun
u d
n
Course Program (1)
MICROCONTROLLER-BASED SYSTEMS
-
Levels of abstraction in modern microprocessors
-
Microprocessor-based system architecture
-
CPU microarchitecture
-
I/O devices and techniques
-
Parallel/serial interfaces
-
Asynchronous and synchronous communication
-
Timers
-
PWM and watchdog
-
CAN bus and AMBA bus
MICROPROCESSOR-BASED SYSTEMS
-
Architecture
-
Pipelining
SENSORS
-
Definition of sensor; classification criteria
-
Active and passive sensors
- 13 -
Un
U i
n ver
ve sitat
a Do
D r
o tmun
u d
n
Course Program (2)
INFORMATION MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS (IMS)
Functional block diagram of a communication system; i/o relationship
IMS evolution
-
wireless sensor networks: organization and characteristics
-
node architecture
Functional units of a IMS:
-
sensor: definition, classification criteria, examples
-
conditioning: definition, examples
-
information extraction: definition, examples
-
analog and digital signal processing: basic components
Analog section: characteristics and performance
A/D section:
-
performed functions
- basic components
-
sampling-and-hold amplifier
-
quantization
Digital section:
- characteristics and performance
- definition of on-line and off-line processing
- definition of real-time processing (both sequential and block)
- 14 -
7
Un
U i
n ver
ve sitat
a Do
D r
o tmun
u d
n
Course Logistics: Instructor Info
Email: davide.brunelli@disi.unitn.it
Phone: +39 0461 28 5221
Office hours: by appointment
I'm very responsive by email
* Please put [EES course] in mail subject line
- 15 -
Un
U i
n ver
ve sitat
a Do
D r
o tmun
u d
n
Exam
* 90' written examination.
There will be two questions:
a- general question
b- practical question
(e.g. MCU configuration, experience in lab, ...)
each contributing up to 15 points to the total score.
* You cannot consult your notes and datasheet
* The exam is passed if the evaluation of the written test is
at least 18/30.
* Final mark can be integrated with a project work
- 16 -
8
Un
U i
n ver
ve sitat
a Do
D r
o tmun
u d
n
Project Work
Implementation Project work
* Project work is not mandatory.
* Students have two weeks time to complete it (Strict
deadline)
* It will contribute to the total score with up to a maximum of
5 points
* Project work will be assigned upon demand after the
written exam
* The project will be discussed on appointment.
- 17 -
Un
U i
n ver
ve sitat
a Do
D r
o tmun
u d
n
Tools for Labs & Projects
MSP-EXP430FG4618
"Experimenter's Board"
Integrated 12-bit ADC & DAC, Op-
Amps, DMA, Multiplier, LCD Control er
Board: mic, buzzer, LCD,
touch-pad, buttons, proto space, RS232,
JTAG, 3.5mm audio jack
Chipcon expansion: CCxxx0EMK EVM
inteface
Interfaces:
SPI, UART, I2C, IrDA
- 18 -
9
Un
U i
n ver
ve sitat
a Do
D r
o tmun
u d
n
Tools for Labs & Projects
eZ430-RF2500
CC2500 Radio
MSP430F2274 MCU
Kit includes:
2 x eZ430-RF2500T target boards
1 x eZ430-RF USB emulator
1 x AAA battery pack
IAR Kickstart Development Tool
Wireless Sensor Monitor Demo
SimpliciTI preloaded
Documentation and source code
- 19 -
Un
U i
n ver
ve sitat
a Do
D r
o tmun
u d
n
Tools for Labs & Projects
Jennic
WSN, Body Sensors SDK
*
32 bit RISc architecture (ARC)
*
Onboard temperature
*
Light level and humidity sensors
*
Bitmapped LCD display 128x64
*
USB connection
- 20 -
10
3
0
0
2
,
l
e
d
e
rw
Ma
e
n
i
s
e
G
,
e
t
l
o
N
ra
d
n
a
x
Davide Brunelli
e
Al
(c)
:
DISI - University of Trento
cs
i
h
p
AA 2011-2012
ra
G
P.Marwedel
- 1 -
Motivation for Course (1)
According to forecasts characterized
by terms such as
Disappearing computer,
Ubiquitous computing,
Pervasive computing,
Ambient intelligence,
Post-PC era,
Cyber-physical systems.
Basic technologies:
Embedded Systems
Communication technologies
P.Marwedel
- 2 -
1
Un
U i
n ver
ve sitat
a Do
D r
o tmun
u d
n
Motivation for Course (2)
"Information technology (IT) is on the verge of another
revolution. Driven by the increasing capabilities and ever declining costs
of computing and communications devices, IT is being embedded into a
growing range of physical devices linked together through networks and
will become ever more pervasive as the component technologies become
smaller, faster, and cheaper... These networked systems of embedded
computers ... have the potential to change radically the way people interact
with their environment by linking together a range of devices and sensors
that will allow information to be collected, shared, and processed in
unprecedented ways. ... The use of [these embedded computers]
throughout society could well dwarf previous milestones in the
information revolution."
Source. Ed Lee, UC Berkeley,
National Research Council Report (US)
ARTEMIS Embedded Systems
Embedded Everywhere
Conference, Graz, 5/2006]
P.Marwedel
- 3 -
Un
U i
n ver
ve sitat
a Do
D r
o tmun
u d
n
Growing importance of embedded systems (1)
Spending on GPS units exceeded $100 mln during Thanksgiving
week, up 237% from 2006 ... More people bought GPS units than
bought PCs, NPD found. [www.itfacts.biz, Dec. 6th, 2007]
..., the market for remote home health monitoring is expected to
generate $225 mln revenue in 2011, up from less than $70 mln in
2006, according to Parks Associates. . [www.itfacts.biz, Sep. 4th, 2007]
According to IDC the identity and access management (IAM) market
in Australia and New Zealand (ANZ) ... is expected to increase at a
compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 13.1% to reach $189.3 mln
by 2012 [www.itfacts.biz, July 26th, 2008].
Accessing the Internet via a mobile device up by 82% in the US, by
49% in Europe, from May 2007 to May 2008 [www.itfacts.biz, July
29th, 2008]
P.Marwedel
- 4 -
2
Un
U i
n ver
ve sitat
a Do
D r
o tmun
u d
n
Growing importance of embedded systems (2)
.. but embedded chips form the backbone of the
electronics driven world in which we live ... they are
part of almost everything that runs on electricity
[Mary Ryan, EEDesign, 1995]
The future is embedded, Embedded is the future!
Foundation for the "post PC era"
ES hardly discussed in other CS courses
Importance
ES important for Technical University
of
education
ES important for Europe
Scope: sets context for specialized courses
P.Marwedel
1.3 ... importance - 5 -
Un
U i
n ver
ve sitat
a Do
D r
o tmun
u d
n
Copyright 2003 Mani Srivastava
Where are the CPUs?
Estimated 98% of 8 Billion CPUs produced in 2000 used for embedded apps
Where Has CS Focused?
Where Are the Processors?
Direct
2%
Interactive
Robots
Vehicles
Computers
6%
12%
200M
Servers,
8.5B Parts
per Year
per Year
etc.
In Vehicles
In Robots
Embedded
Look for the CPUs...the Opportunities Wil Follow!
- 6 -
Source: DARPA/Intel (Tennenhouse)
3
Un
U i
n ver
ve sitat
a Do
D r
o tmun
u d
n
Copyright 2003 Mani Srivastava
History of Computing
Technology discontinuities drive new computing paradigms and applications
1960
Mainframe
IBM
Mini
DEC
1970
Workstation
Sun, HP
1980
PC
Intel, Dell
1990
Routers
Cisco
Cell phones, PDAs
Nokia, Palm
1995
Networked Embedded
???
1998
Systems?
2000
Increasing # of computers / person
Increasing connectivity
- 7 -
Un
U i
n ver
ve sitat
a Do
D r
o tmun
u d
n
Embedded: the Third Wave in Computing
Still
devices
demand
high
attention
from the
user!
- 8 -
4
Un
U i
n ver
ve sitat
a Do
D r
o tmun
u d
n
Towards Pervasive computing..
- 9 -
Un
U i
n ver
ve sitat
a Do
D r
o tmun
u d
n
Embedded systems
and ubiquitous computing
Ubiquitous computing: Information anytime, anywhere.
Embedded systems provide fundamental technology.
Communication
Embedded
Technology
Systems
ty
i
l
f
i
Robots
Optical networking
o
e
b
a
e
Control systems
Network management
ty
i
c
m
d
l
i
ti
n
a
Feature extraction
Distributed applications
rv
l
-
e
u
e
and recognition
Service provision
Q
s
Rea
Dep
Sensors/actors
UMTS, DECT, Hiperlan, ATM
A/D-converters
Pervasive/Ubiquitous computing
Distributed systems
Embedded web systems
(c) European Commissi
P.Marwedel
o-
n 10 -
5
Un
U i
n ver
ve sitat
a Do
D r
o tmun
u d
n
Welcome to EES
Logistic
- 11 -
Un
U i
n ver
ve sitat
a Do
D r
o tmun
u d
n
Structure of this course
Architectures
Design Tools
Infrastructure
Algorithms
Design flows
Energy
Low-cost
ctrl
proc.
Efficient
Low-power
MSP430
ARC
Processing
- 12 -
6
Un
U i
n ver
ve sitat
a Do
D r
o tmun
u d
n
Course Program (1)
MICROCONTROLLER-BASED SYSTEMS
-
Levels of abstraction in modern microprocessors
-
Microprocessor-based system architecture
-
CPU microarchitecture
-
I/O devices and techniques
-
Parallel/serial interfaces
-
Asynchronous and synchronous communication
-
Timers
-
PWM and watchdog
-
CAN bus and AMBA bus
MICROPROCESSOR-BASED SYSTEMS
-
Architecture
-
Pipelining
SENSORS
-
Definition of sensor; classification criteria
-
Active and passive sensors
- 13 -
Un
U i
n ver
ve sitat
a Do
D r
o tmun
u d
n
Course Program (2)
INFORMATION MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS (IMS)
Functional block diagram of a communication system; i/o relationship
IMS evolution
-
wireless sensor networks: organization and characteristics
-
node architecture
Functional units of a IMS:
-
sensor: definition, classification criteria, examples
-
conditioning: definition, examples
-
information extraction: definition, examples
-
analog and digital signal processing: basic components
Analog section: characteristics and performance
A/D section:
-
performed functions
- basic components
-
sampling-and-hold amplifier
-
quantization
Digital section:
- characteristics and performance
- definition of on-line and off-line processing
- definition of real-time processing (both sequential and block)
- 14 -
7
Un
U i
n ver
ve sitat
a Do
D r
o tmun
u d
n
Course Logistics: Instructor Info
Email: davide.brunelli@disi.unitn.it
Phone: +39 0461 28 5221
Office hours: by appointment
I'm very responsive by email
* Please put [EES course] in mail subject line
- 15 -
Un
U i
n ver
ve sitat
a Do
D r
o tmun
u d
n
Exam
* 90' written examination.
There will be two questions:
a- general question
b- practical question
(e.g. MCU configuration, experience in lab, ...)
each contributing up to 15 points to the total score.
* You cannot consult your notes and datasheet
* The exam is passed if the evaluation of the written test is
at least 18/30.
* Final mark can be integrated with a project work
- 16 -
8
Un
U i
n ver
ve sitat
a Do
D r
o tmun
u d
n
Project Work
Implementation Project work
* Project work is not mandatory.
* Students have two weeks time to complete it (Strict
deadline)
* It will contribute to the total score with up to a maximum of
5 points
* Project work will be assigned upon demand after the
written exam
* The project will be discussed on appointment.
- 17 -
Un
U i
n ver
ve sitat
a Do
D r
o tmun
u d
n
Tools for Labs & Projects
MSP-EXP430FG4618
"Experimenter's Board"
Integrated 12-bit ADC & DAC, Op-
Amps, DMA, Multiplier, LCD Control er
Board: mic, buzzer, LCD,
touch-pad, buttons, proto space, RS232,
JTAG, 3.5mm audio jack
Chipcon expansion: CCxxx0EMK EVM
inteface
Interfaces:
SPI, UART, I2C, IrDA
- 18 -
9
Un
U i
n ver
ve sitat
a Do
D r
o tmun
u d
n
Tools for Labs & Projects
eZ430-RF2500
CC2500 Radio
MSP430F2274 MCU
Kit includes:
2 x eZ430-RF2500T target boards
1 x eZ430-RF USB emulator
1 x AAA battery pack
IAR Kickstart Development Tool
Wireless Sensor Monitor Demo
SimpliciTI preloaded
Documentation and source code
- 19 -
Un
U i
n ver
ve sitat
a Do
D r
o tmun
u d
n
Tools for Labs & Projects
Jennic
WSN, Body Sensors SDK
*
32 bit RISc architecture (ARC)
*
Onboard temperature
*
Light level and humidity sensors
*
Bitmapped LCD display 128x64
*
USB connection
- 20 -
10
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