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Letters And Sounds Powerpoint[1] For Parents

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Letters and Sounds Information for Parents February 2009 The way that spelling and reading is taught in schools has changed recently as a result of the Jim Rose report. It…
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  1. Letters and Sounds Information for Parents February 2009
  2. The way that spelling and reading is taught in schools has changed recently as a result of the Jim Rose report.
    • It is now a requirement that reception children are taught 20 mins of letters and sounds per day.
    • It is recommended that Year 1 and 2 children also receive 20mins per day.
    • As a result of the findings from this report Phonics and reading skills are now taught in 6 distinct phases.
    • These phases are set out in the letters and sounds document.
  5. Phonics at a glance
    • Phonics is…
    Skills of segmentation and blending Knowledge of the alphabetic code.
  6. Phonics Consists of:
    • Identifying sounds in spoken words
    • Recognising the common spellings of each phoneme.
    • Blending phonemes into words for reading.
    • Segmenting words into phonemes for spelling.
  7. The Phases Explained The ‘Letters and Sounds’ document is split into 6 distinct phases.
  8. Phase 1 (pre school)
    • * Showing an awareness of rhyme and alliteration.
    • * Distinguishing between sounds in the environment and phonemes.
    • * Exploring and experimenting with sounds and words.
    • * Discriminating speech sounds in words.
    • * Beginning to orally blend and segment phonemes.
  9. Phase 2 (Reception 6 wks )
    • Using common consonants and vowels.
    • Blending for reading and segmenting for spelling simple cvc words.
    • Understanding that words are constructed from phonemes and that phonemes are represented by graphemes.
  10. Letter sets (phase 2 up to 6wks )
    • Set 1 - s, a, t, p,
    • Set 2 - l, n, m, d,
    • Set 3 - g, o, c, k,
    • Set 4 - ck, e, u, r,
    • Set 5 - h, b, f, ff, l, ll, ss,
  11. Enunciation
    • Teaching phonics requires a technical skill in enunciation.
    • Phonemes (sounds) should be articulated clearly and precisely.
    • http://tinyurl.com/azfqc3
    • http://tinyurl.com/azfqc3
  12. Phase 3 (Reception up to 12wks )
    • Knowing one grapheme for each of the 43 phonemes.
    • There are 43 phonemes in the English language!
  13. Phase 3 cont.
    • Reading and spelling a wide range of cvc words.
    • Using all letters and less frequent consonant digraphs and some long vowel phonemes.
    • Graphemes:
    • ear, air, ure, er, ar, or, ur, ow, oi, ai, ee, igh, oa, oo
    • Consonant digraphs:
    • ch, sh, th, ng.
    • Letter Progression:
    • Set 6 - j, v, w, x
    • Set 7 - y, z, zz, qu
  15. Phase 4 ( Reception/Year 1 up to 6wks )
    • This is a consolidation unit. There are no new graphemes to learn. Reading and spelling of tricky words continues.
    • Segmenting adjacent consonants in words and applying this in spelling.
    • Blending adjacent consonants in words and applying this skill when reading unfamiliar texts.
  16. Phase 5 ( throughout Year 1)
    • Reading phonetically decodable two-syllable and three-syllable words.
    • Using alternative ways of pronouncing and spelling the graphemes corresponding to the long vowel phonemes.
    • Spelling complex words using phonetically plausible attempts .
    • Graphemes:
    • ay, ou, ie, ea, oy, ir, ue, aw, wh, ph, ew, oe, au, a-e, e-e, i-e, o-e, u-e.
    • Alternative graphemes for:
    • i, o, c, g, u, ow, ie, ea, er, a, y, ch, ou
  18. Phase 6 (Year 2 throughout )
    • Recognising phonic irregularities and becoming more secure with less common grapheme – phoneme correspondences.
    • Applying phonic skills and knowledge to recognise and spell an increasing number of complex words.
  19. Phase 6 cont.
    • Introducing and teaching the past tense
    • Investigating and learning how to add suffixes
    • Teaching spelling long words
    • Finding and learning the difficult bits in words
    • In addition to this, each the week the children learn ‘tricky’ spelling words (those that are not spelt phonetically) and key sight vocabulary.
    • The key sight word list has also changed. There are now 300 words to learn.
    • (100 in Rec/Y1 and an additional 200 in year 2)
    • The children always work within the phase that is appropriate to their level of learning.
    • They are assessed regularly and groupings are sorted accordingly.
    • Therefore the suggested model of year group and corresponding phase, does not always go hand in hand with the year group that your child is actually in.
  22. Some Definitions
    • A Phoneme
    • This is the smallest unit of sound in a word.
    How many phonemes can you hear in cat ?
    • A grapheme
    • These are the letters that represent the phoneme.
    The grapheme could be 1 letter, 2 letters or more! We refer to these as sound buttons . t ai igh
  24. Put the sound buttons under these words jumper crawl foil broom toast slight crayon speed
  25. This is where it gets tricky!
    • Phonemes are represented by graphemes.
    • A grapheme can consist of 1, 2 or more letters.
    • A phoneme can be represented/spelled in more than one way ( c at, k ennel, ch oir)
    • The same grapheme may represent more than one phoneme ( m e , m e t)
  26. How many phonemes are in each of these words? pencil chair jumper cow flop bleed Phonemes Word
    • A phoneme you hear
    • A grapheme you see
    A word always has the same number of phonemes and graphemes!
  28. Grapheme Key Vocabulary
    • Digraph
    • Trigraph
    • Split diagraph
    • 2 letters making one sound ( ai, ee, oo)
    • 3 letters making one sound ( igh , dge )
    • Where the two letters are not adjacent
    • ( a-e, e-e )
  29. Blending (for reading)
    • Recognising the letter sounds in a written word e.g c-u-p sh-ee-p.
    • Merging them into the correct order to pronounce the word cup and sheep .
  30. Segmenting (for spelling)
    • Identifying the individual sounds in a spoken word (e.g. h-i-m , s-t-or-k) and writing down letters for each sound (phoneme) to form the word him and stork.
    • www.nationalstrategies.standards.dcsf.gov.uk/node/84969
    Here are the phases. Where Can I Go To Find Out More?
    • www.sparklebox.co.uk/cll/lettersandsounds/
    • This is great for some activities that you can do at home.
  33. Useful web sites
    • www.coxhoe.durham.sch.uk/Curriculum/Literacy.htm
    • www.bbc.co.uk/schools/websites/4_11/site/literacy.shtml
    • www.ictgames.com/literacy.html

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