NVQ & SVQ Diploma in Beauty Therapy Level 2 Sample pages (draft sample material)

Level 2 Beauty TherapyIntroductionKey termsThe practices of improving the appearance of the natural nail and cuticle are known Manicure – the care of hands and as manicure and pedicure.fi ngernails.This unit focuses on the treatment of natural nails and cuticles on hands and feet. Pedicure – the professional Units N2 and N3 have been combined in the book as many techniques are common treatment of feet, toes and nails.to both skill areas.Manicure is a popular service in salons as smooth skin, well-shaped and varnished nails are vital in promoting a well-groomed appearance. As a therapist carrying out Think about itUnit N2/treatments in manicure and pedicure you need to be aware that there is a code of Remember health and illness can practice that should be followed when providing this service. The code of practice for often be detected in the nails. nail services provides guidelines to protect both the therapist and the client, and it is Healthy nails require a balanced diet important that you know what it says.with essential vitamins A , B, and D, Regular professional attention will help prevent minor nail damage. This service is along with minerals calcium, zinc and becoming increasingly popular with men who have regular treatments as part of their iodine.professional lives.N3Pedicure is the professional treatment of feet, toes and nails. This service greatly For your portfolio enhances the appearance of feet and toenails, which are o en a neglected part of the Provide manicure and body. Professional attention to the nails and surrounding skin encourages nail growth, Read the code of practice for nail keeps cuticles pushed back and can prevent minor skin conditions.services on the Habia website. If you are able to do so, you can print off Benefi ts for the client:a copy to keep as reference; if not improves the appearance of the nailsmake a note of the important points. so ens the surrounding skin enhances overall appearance of grooming (important for men as well as women) immediate and visual eff ect.Benefi ts for the therapist:pe mainstay salon servicedicure ser variety of treatments can be performed to enhance basic treatments and increase salon revenue can be used as part of a salon promotion, e.g. leg wax and pedicure for the vicesummer.sYou will be required to create different looks to cover the ranges in the standards 434Practical skillsAs well as being able to successfully carry out a manicure or pedicure treatment, you will need to have an understanding of the structure of the nail and relate treatments to the bones, muscles and skin of the hands and feet. Refer to Related anatomy and physiology section and You and the skin for information on these areas. Maintain safe and eff ective methods of workingIn this outcome you will learn about:• preparing the work area and environment to meet legal, • ensuring your own posture and position minimises fatigue hygiene and industry Code of Practice for Nail Services and the risk of injury while workingrequirements• ensuring the client is in a comfortable and relaxed position N3• ensuring your personal appearance meets accepted industry that permits access and minimises the risk of injury to you Code of Practice for Nail Services and organisational and the clientrequirements• disposing of waste correctly to meet local authority N2/• wearing suitable personal protective equipment for the work requirements and the industry Code of Practice for Nail that conforms to the industry Code of Practice for Nail Services Services• ensuring all tools and equipment are cleaned using the correct • ensuring that the service is cost effective and is carried out methodswithin a commercially viable timeUnit• effectively disinfecting your hands prior to nail services• leaving the work area and equipment in a condition suitable s• maintaining accepted industry hygiene and safety practices for further nail servicesthroughout the service• ensuring the client’s records are up to date, accurate, easy to vice• selecting and correctly positioning suitable equipment, materials read and signed by the client and technician.and products for the nail serviceBefore beginning this section, many of the topics you need to know are addressed dicure serein earlier units, and you will need to refresh your memory by referring to the topics pcovered within Professional basics. Please refer to:The unit For topics on:Professional basics – You and your client (pages 00–00)Hygiene and avoiding cross-infection Salon requirements and presentation Professional basics – You – the therapist (pages 00–00)Personal appearance Personal safety Professional basics – You, your client and the law (pages 00–00) Risk assessment Provide manicure and Unit G20 Make sure your actions reduce risks to health and safety Preparing the working environment to meet legal, (pages 00–00)hygiene and treatment requirementsProfessional basics – Making effective use of your working timeYou – the therapist (pages 00–00)Ensuring the use of clean resourcesYou and your client(pages 00–00)Ensuring your own posture and position minimises You – the therapist(pages 00–00)fatigue and risk of injury while workingYou, your client and the law (pages 00–00) and Unit G20 Make Disposing of waste materials safely and correctlysure your actions reduce risks to health and safety (pages 00–00)435Level 2 Beauty TherapyPreparing the work area and environmentPreparation is the key to being a professional beauty therapist regardless of the treatment being carried out.Many salons have a designated working area for manicure and pedicure treatments. Sometimes this is in the reception area. Wherever you carry out a treatment you should ensure all materials, equipment and products are within easy reach. The area required for manicure and pedicure varies greatly, with more versatility in manicure than pedicure. Unit N2/ManicurePedicureThink about itClient across a couchSitting only – can be combined with a Your salon will have correct work manicurewear to conform to industry standards and this should always be Sitting across a tableworn when undertaking treatments.At a manicure stationN3In a hair salon while having hair doneThink about itClient lying on a beauty couch while having a facialSome pieces of equipment are Provide manicure and designed only for single use. The extra cost of these items should be Selecting equipment and materials for manicure refl ected in the prices for manicure and pedicure treatments. Which and pedicure treatmentsitems could be considered single use? To ensure that no cross-infection or contamination occurs, the manicurist must make sure everything is clean. Emery boardFor your portfolio This has two sides: a coarse side for Cost the price of single-use items. pshortening nails and a fi ne side, eFind out the cost of buying in bulk dicure serwhich is used for shaping and and then work out the individual bevelling. Emery boards are diffi cult item price. to clean although some manufacturers have Do you think that the cost has been developed special cleansers for this purpose. If you cannot taken into account within your salon viceclean the fi le, it should be disposed of, or given to the client. price list?sOrange stickThe two ends of the orange stick each have a diff erent purpose. The pointed side is used to apply cuticle or buffi ng cream. The Think about itother side, when tipped with cotton wool, can be used When disposing of single-use to clean under the free edge, remove excess items remember to put them in the enamel and ease back the cuticle. When appropriate waste bin.tipped with cotton wool this should be disposed of a er each use. If not tipped, they are only for one use. 436Practical skillsCuticle knifeThink about itThis is used to mould back the cuticle and remove Remember to sterilise all metal any excess attached to the nail plate. equipment: it should be placed in Cuticle nippera chemical steriliser or autoclave. Used to remove hangnails and dead skin around the cuticle While performing the treatment, cleanse with a suitable sanitising Nail scissorssolution. (Refer to Professional basics, Used to cut nails.pages 00–00, for information on sterilisation and sanitisation.)Toe nail clippersUsed to cut and shorten nails prior to fi ling. Nail bufferA pad covered with chamois leather and with a handle. N3Used in conjunction with buffi ng paste. Buffi ng adds sheen, stimulates circulation and growth at the matrix. Useful in pedicure, male manicure or when nail N2/varnish is not going to be applied. To clean, wipe with a suitable cleansing solution.3-way bufferUnitThis is used to smooth the nail and to remove any longitudinal sand horizontal lines. Wipe between uses with a suitable vicecleansing solution. Nail brushTo brush the nails and clean them eff ectively. Also used to clean the therapist’s nails. Wash in hot soapy water or sterilise in a chemical dicure seresolution. Usually plastic, may be wooden, with a rubber end to ease pback the cuticle. Pointed, and may be tipped with cotton wool to clean under free edge. When using from nail to nail, clean with a steriliser. On completion of treatment, sterilise in a cold sterilising solution. Hoof stickUsually plastic, may be wooden, with a rubber end to ease back the cuticle. Pointed, and may be tipped with cotton wool to clean under free edge. When using from nail to nail, clean with a steriliser. On completion of treatment, sterilise in a cold sterilising solution. Think about itProvide manicure and Hard skin rasp/fi le/graterSome chemical solutions may dissolve To be used a er the feet have been soaked and can be the glue that attaches the rasp used in conjunction with hard skin remover. Use element or bristles in this equipment. on areas of hard skin in a rubbing action with light All metal equipment should be pressure. Wash a er use in hot soapy water and regularly checked, e.g. hinges and remove debris; sterilise in chemical solution. springs on scissors and clippers. Also check that cutting surfaces are Pumice stonesmooth and sharp. Once sterilised As with hard skin rasp.all equipment should be stored hygienically to prevent contamination occurring.437Level 2 Beauty TherapyParonychia (pronounced par-on-ik-ee-ah)This is a bacterial infection of the nail fold, the two types of bacteria generally responsible being staphylococci and streptococci. In paronychia, the nail fold is damaged either from a bad manicure, or by the hands being constantly immersed in water and harsh detergents. The symptoms are erythema, swelling and tenderness around the nail fold. There may be signs of slight shrinkage of the nail plate, which is separated from the nail bed. If the condition is not treated, then the symptoms are accompanied by pus formation under the nail fold. A er this, other types of bacteria set in, turning the nail plate a dark brown or black colour. Eventually, if the condition Paronychiais not treated, a fungal infection known as Candida takes over. Candida is the worst Unit N2/form of paronychia and is hard to destroy. The more common form of paronychia is very o en found among dental and nursing staff . Paronychia should not be Key termsmanicured. Erythema – vasodilation of the blood capillaries, causing surface Whitlows (Panaritium)reddening of the skin. These are small abscesses at the side or base of nail. The skin around the nail becomes so and open to infection by Herpes simplex virus or by bacteria, usually N3through a prick with a dirty pin or other sharp object. Nails with this condition must not be manicured.Provide manicure and Onychia (pronounced on-ee-kee-ah)This is the infl ammation of the nail matrix, accompanied by pus formation. Improper sanitisation of nail implements and bacterial infections may cause this disease. Nails with this condition must not be manicured.Viral infectionsThese infections are very common and treatment can be adapted by using a waterproof dressing and avoiding the area. Gloves could be worn by the manicurist, as viral infections are highly contagious if touched, and disposed of a er use.peVerruca vulgaris (common warts)dicure serThese are small and highly contagious. They are caused by a viral infection. They are rough and hard and can be darkish in colour or natural skin tone. They are found either singly or in groups and appear around the nail fold area. They create pressure above the matrix, which can lead to deformities appearing in the growing nail plate vice(dystrophy). Warts should be le alone or untouched since they tend to disappear of stheir own accord, as suddenly as they appear. Area must not be manicured unless covered with a suitable waterproof dressing. Verruca vulgaris (common warts)Verruca plantaris (verruca of the foot)This condition belongs to the same family as the common wart, but instead of being raised on the surface of the skin, verrucas tend to grow inwards, so until they get fairly large the client can be unaware of having a verruca. They are o en caught in swimming pool areas and are highly contagious. The skin’s surface can be smooth and the appearance can be like a circular piece of hard skin with a black dot or dots in the centre.Verruca plantaris (verruca of the foot)448Practical skillsParasitic infectionsThink about itScabies is a parasitic infection caused by a small mite that burrows into the skin, Although you must know what to leaving tell-tale red tracking marks. This condition is highly contagious and under no look for, you must never attempt to circumstances is the client to be treated.diagnose fungal, bacterial, viral and Other conditionsparasitic conditions and disorders Eczema – clients who have eczema can be treated, providing the area is not open yourself as you are not medically and weeping. Caution may be required when selecting products so they do not trained to do so. Always refer clients to their own GP for treatment.irritate or dry the skin. Psoriasis – the same rules apply as with a client who has eczema. Dermatitis – certain products could cause dermatitis to fl are up, so caution should be used when selecting suitable products. Again, you should not treat if the area is open or infection is present. N3Contra-indications that may restrict the serviceThere are also other conditions that may require an amendment in treatment but are not necessarily a reason for stopping treatment.N2/Onycholysis (pronounced on-ee-ko-lie-sis) or nail separationThis is a disorder where the nail separates from the nail bed (usually only part of and not the whole nail). It results from a build-up of debris found in the moist warm Unitsspace between the digits, which attracts bacteria and fungal organisms, and in severe cases turns the nail plate a dark green or black colour. The infected nail plate grows vicefaster than those that are uninfected. In feet, onycholysis occurs through wearing a tight-pinching shoe, poor general circulation and lack of attention to foot care. Non-infectious nails can be manicured or pedicured as long there is no fungal or bacterial infection. However, severe separation should not be treated.dicure serepOnychocryptosis (or ingrowing nails)This may aff ect either the fi ngers or toes. In this condition, the nail grows into the sides of the fl esh and may cause infection. Filing the nails too much in the corners or over vigorous cutting is o en responsible for ingrowing nails. If the area is open or infection is present, this would prevent the treatment from taking place.Split nails, brittle nails (Defl uvium unguinum)Normally these are the result of abuse with drying agents, like those found in harsh detergents, cleaners, paint-strippers and fi lm-developing fl uids. Cotton-lined, rubber Provide manicure and gloves are good protection. Since the nail begins forming at almost the last fi nger joint, sometimes injury to the fi nger or diseases like arthritis can result in split nails. If accompanied by an overall dryness of skin and hair, split nails could indicate poor Paronychia due to in-growing toenailcirculation.Treatment will increase the circulation, bringing more nutrients and oxygen to help with cell regeneration. Hydrate the nail plate and surrounding skin with hot oil or paraffi n wax. The use of a cuticle cream or oil for home use will be eff ective between treatments. Manicure should be given.449Level 2 Beauty TherapyMy storyFocus on manicure and pedicureHi, my name is Aisha. A client came into the salon for a manicure. She had brittle, ridged nails. I asked her how long she had worn nail extensions as her nails showed weakness o en seen by clients who have worn nail extensions for a long period of time. The client said that she had never worn nail extensions, but when I carried out the consultation I realised that the nails were fragile due to the medical treatment she had been receiving. It was an important lesson for me to remember that health is refl ected in the condition of the nail plate.Unit N2/Blue nailsUsually a sign of bad circulation of blood or a heart condition, manicures and pedicures may be given and massage usually helps circulation.Beau’s lineN3This is a disorder caused by an acute illness. As a result, the matrix temporarily stops producing new cells for the duration of the illness. When it once again begins to reproduce, the period of the illness is clearly marked by a defi nite furrow or series of Provide manicure and furrows. This grows forward and eventually disappears as it is cut away as part of the Beau’s linefree edge. This disorder is non-infectious and can therefore be manicured. Nail biting/fi nger biting (onochophagy – pronounced on-o-ko-fag-ee) This is a nervous habit where the individual bites and chews the free edge of the nail plate right down to expose the bulging nail bed below. The individual may also chew at the hardened cuticle and nail wall, causing a multitude of hangnails.Nails should be regularly manicured. Massage and buffi ng will help to increase circulation and therefore stimulate growth. The use of special preparations to pdiscourage nail biting may be recommended.edicure serFinger bitingHangnailThis is a condition whereby the cuticle around the nail plate splits leaving loose, fl aky pieces of dry skin. It is caused by extreme dryness of the cuticle and from not keeping vicethe cuticle free from the nail plate, so that it is stretched forward as the nail plate grows and eventually snaps leaving hangnails.sSplinter haemorrhages.These appear as tiny streaks of blood under the nail plate, usually near the tip. Like nail separation, splinter haemorrhages can result from a traumatic blow to the nail. Sometimes, however, these red streaks can indicate a liver disease or possibly trichinosis (a ringworm infection caused by eating undercooked meat). Splinter haemorrhagesOvergrown cuticles (Pterygium – pet-er-ee-gee-um) This is caused by excessive cuticle growth that adheres to the base of the nail plate. Suggest that your client has a manicure or that she gently pushes the cuticle back with a so towel a er bathing and apply cuticle cream as o en as possible. If the cuticles are very dry, a hot oil or paraffi n wax manicure will help hydrate the area.450Practical skillsPits and groovesKey termsThese are linked to both dermatological disease and systematic irregularities. However, many people who complain about pits and grooves in their nails have no Dermatological – of the skin; apparent systematic diseases. It is very common and sometimes an unexplainable often referring to a skin condition. phenomenon, which can be dismissed with gentle buffi ng.Flaking and breaking nails (Onychorrhexis – on-ee-ko-rex-is) This is a very common complaint. The nail plate becomes dry and brittle and can be due to lack of vitamins A and B2, general ill-health, incorrect fi ling, excessive use of enamel remover, or excessive use of solvents and harsh detergents. Use of a nail strengthener may help this condition if applied regularly. It is also advisable to keep the nails fairly short to prevent them breaking.Bruised nailsN3Bruising occurs when the nail receives a heavy blow. It is seen as a dark purple patch on the nail which will grow out with the nail. In severe cases the nail may detach itself from the nail base. Unless there is damage to the matrix, a new nail will grow N2/normally to replace it. Severely bruised nails should not be treated.Eggshell nailsThese are recognised by the nail plate being noticeably thin, white and much more Unitsfl exible than in normal nails. The nail plate separates from the nail bed and curves at Bruised nailthe free edge. This disorder may be caused by chronic illness or may be of systemic viceor nervous origin.Corrugations (or wavy ridges)These are caused by uneven growth of nails, usually the result of illness or injury. dicure serWhen giving a manicure to a client with corrugations, buff to minimise ridges and use epa ridge fi ller when painting for a smoother fi nish.Furrows (depressions)These may either run lengthwise or across the nail. They are usually the result of an illness or an injury to the nail cells, in or near the matrix. The nails are fragile, so care must be taken. Leuconychia (pronounced loo-ko-nee-ee-kah) or white spotsThese appear frequently in the nails but do not indicate disease. They may be caused Provide manicure and by injury to the base of the nail or they might be air bubbles. As the nail continues to grow, these white spots eventually disappear. This is a very common disorder.Other conditions of the feetCallousThis is a hard build-up of skin that is o en found in areas of friction or as a result of incorrectly fi tting shoes. The skin over grows for protection.Varicose veinsThese are visible, distended veins which are o en present in the legs (especially the lower legs). If serious, varicose veins will prevent massage taking place as this could be painful and cause extra blood to fl ow in the area.451Level 2 Beauty TherapySuggested manicure procedureIf you do specialised manicures and pedicures at your salon using a particular brand of products, you will probably go on a course which shows you how to use these products and gives an order for the procedure that should be followed. You therefore need to adapt your treatments at all times according to the manufacturer’s instructions. However, whichever products you use, the basic principles for manicure and pedicure are the same.Before starting the treatment, always carry out the following steps. Ensure equipment is sterile and all materials and products are easily accessible.Unit N2/ Complete a consultation form, check for contra-indications (see above) and discuss and agree with the client a service that meets their needs. Remove all the client’s jewellery, including watches, so that a thorough treatment can be carried out. Keep in a safe place.Step-by-step manicureN31 During the 2 Ask the client consultation discuss to pick her choice the needs of the of varnish – dark, client and adapt plain, frosted or Provide manicure and the service to suit. French manicure. You You should cover should recommend preferred nail length a nail fi nish suitable and shape and for the client. the type of polish Remember, dark colours will make required. If there are the nails appear no contra-indications shorter, so this may present you are ready not be a suitable to begin.colour for short or bitten nails.pedicure ser3 Remove the old 4 Cut the nails into vicevarnish and check shape if required, the nails for ridges using sterilised sand problems as scissors. Nail you go. Removing clippings need to be the polish will allow caught in a tissue the nail plate to and disposed of.be examined in a natural condition. Sanitise the hand to prevent cross-infection while you do a manual contra-indication check.454Practical skills45 degree angleThink about itWhen performing treatments on the cuticle never push back or nip beyond the eponychium or infection could occur.Think about itDirection Do not use a sawing action as this of filingstrokecan cause the layers of the nail plate to split and separate.Bevelling seals the free edge layers to prevent water loss N3and damage.N2/5 File the nails 6 Bevelling seals using an emery the free edge layers board working to prevent water loss outside in one way and damage.Unitone side and then sthe other – avoid using a sawing viceaction.dicure serep7 Using an orange 8 Gently massage stick decant and the cream into the apply cuticle cream cuticles. This so ens around the cuticles.the skin, making Provide manicure and removal easier.455