PROBLEM AND PROSPECTS OF TOURISM IN LUMBINI

PROBLEM AND PROSPECTS OF TOURISM IN LUMBINI





A Dissertation Submitted to
Department Of Sociology/Anthropology,
Ratna Rajaya Laxmi Campus Campus
Exabition Road , Kathmandu




In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of
Thesis writing (SA540) of Masters of Arts in Sociology.




Name of the student:
Regd.No.:
Symbol No.:
Date: 2068

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LETTER OF APPROVAL

A dissertion entitled, "Problem and Prospects of Tourism in Lumbini" has been
submitted by ( ........... in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Master in Arts Degree
in Sociology/ Anthropology in Humanities and social Sciences.


Approved
.....................
Bishnu Acharya
Disssertation Supervisor

.....................
Ram Bahadur Karki
External Examiner

.....................
Ram Bahadur Karki
Head of the Department
Department of sociology / Anthropology
Ratna Rjaya Laxmi Campus


I understand that my dissertation will become a part of permanent collection of Ratna Rajaya
Laxmi Campus Library. My signature below authorizes releases my dissertation to any reader
upon request for any scholarly purpose.
..........................
Govinda Prasad Bhandari
1st Poush 2068

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
First of all, I would like to express my sincere coordinate to Mr.Bishnu Acharya, for his
regular guidance, valuable time, encouragement, comments and suggestion during the
preparation of this report for making it valuable despite of his busy schedule and normal routine
responsibilities at the R.R.College, Tribhuvan University. I am also indebted for Mr.Ram
Bahadur Karki, head of the department of Sociology and Anthropology R.R.College for his
support, guidance, direction and encouragement during my study period.
My special thanks go to my friend Mr Gopal Khadka for his helpful co-operation,
suggestion, information and planning documents for the preparation of this thesis as well as
entire my study period. I would like to extend my sincere thanks to all Hotels/Restaurants
employers and tourist who unhesitant responded in course of information collection. My special
thanks goes to personnel of Lumbini Development Trust, priest of Mayadevi Temple and the
other members who help me for providing information guidelines entire my field study. Shiva
Bhattrai, Planning officer of Rupendehi District Development Committee (DDC), Mr. Birendra
Misra and Kulmani Gyawali, local journalists of Lumbini Bhairahawa area, also deserve my
equal thanks for providing me necessary data, information as per my requirements and co-
operation.
I am indebted to my family members specially my wife Bhima and son Mausam for their
continued encouragement and inspiration of my whole life and the study period. I also thank
Brother Bivek Ghimire and other friends for their kindly help for the preparation of this research
work.
At last, I would like to thank my colleagues Mr. Prem Raj Bhandari, who helped me by
assisting in data collection of this thesis. I would also like to thank all those persons and
organizations who helped me directly or indirectly to prepare this thesis in this form. All have
equally contributed their valuable and remarkable suggestion and kindly help to the whole life
cycle of this thesis. This thesis would not be in present form without their proper help.
Govinda Prasad Bhandari
3rd Mangsir, 2068

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ABSTRACT PAGE
Mr. Govinda Prasad Bhandari has done research for the master of Arts in Sociology
submitted on 23rd Mangsir 2068

Entitled
Problem and Prospects of Tourism in Lumbini
Abstract approved by Bishnu Acharya
Abstraction of the Dissertation
Abstract
This research analyzes the problems and prospects of tourism in lumbani. Lumbini is the birth
place of Gautam Buddha so it is famous in both home and abroad. Annually thousands of tourist
visit Limbini. Tourism as both domestic and international have importance for the development.
Lumbaniis one of the tourism sites of Lumbini which is selected as the study area. Lumbani is
chosen for the study. No other researchers have conducted the research sociologically. The
research is based on exploratory as well as descriptive research designs. It combines survey and
analysis data on this study collected through questionnaire. The data collected through
questionnaire were classified and tabulated according to the needs of research.
Primary as well as secondary data were used in this study. Furthermore, information was
obtained by using structured questionnaires from the tourists visiting to Lumbani and the hotel
owners of Lumbani. Altogether, 50 different people were interviewed during the survey period.
Besides some relevant document from ministry of tourism, Annual Statistical Reports of tourism
department, different bulletins related with tourism, books available in HAN chapter Lumbani
are collected respected. All samples were selected by this method. Sampling unit for this study
consists of the tourists of Lumbani, locals and hotel owners. The logic using random sampling
for the study is to get a better result. The sampling size of this study is 50 including, 20 tourists,
20 hotels owners and 10 locals. The sample were taken in 2011 Oct 7. 20 tourists were selected
out of 110 which were not from the total tourist visit in Lumbini. Similarly, 20 hotels owner and
shopkeeper were select out of 95 and ten local were out of 50 members of Lumbini development
trusts. Observation, questionnaire and interview were primary data collection technique. The data

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were collected from respondents of the random unit. The secondary data were collected from the
HAN profile, national level magazines, journals and books etc.
Data analysis shows that tourists visiting (62%) are form Europe and mostly staying in Lumbini
for Three four days period. Most of the tourists (80 Percent) are found satisfied with the
accommodation and service provided by the hotel and naturalists
Tourists entirely by air are 77.2 percent of the total arrivals where as those by land stand 22.8
percent in 2010. By age group the largest number goes to the group is 31-45 years 33.3 percent
and 46-60 years 25.2 percent of the total tourist. The 80 percent tourists is agree in service
satisfaction, 16 percent are disagree and 4% re indifference. The largest number of tourist
representing 46 percent came from Japan, 44 percent, 8 parent and 2 percent from Asia, North
America and Australia and 9 pacific respectively.
There are various problems on Lumbini area to solve these problems there is necessary to
provide training to the natives and others related to the areas. Like food and beverages, guide,
fund officers, receptionist waiter and so forth for the sake of enhancing hospitality that obviously
helps promote the tourism in the study area.

Reliable information centers of Buddism and eastern philosophy area need to be established
both the ministry of tourism area need to be established both the ministry of tourism and hotel
association of Nepal form which the tourists may the actual information.

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Abbreviations
CBS
=
Center Bureau of Statistics
CCODER
=
Center for Community Development in Nepal
DDC
=
District Development Committee




Development
FGD
=
Focus Group discussion
GO

=
Government Organization
GON
=
Government of Nepal
IATA
=
International An Transports Association
ICIMOD

=
International Center for Integrated Mountain
INGO
=
International Non-Government Organization
IUOTA
=
International Union of Official Travel
MOCTCA
=
Ministry of Culture, Tourism and Civil Aviation
NGO
=
Non-Government Organization
NPC
=
National Planning Commission
NTB
=
Nepal Tourism Board
NTFP
=
Non-Timber Forest Product



Organization
PATA
=
Pacific Asia Travel Association
TRPAP
=
Tourism and Rural Poverty Alleviation Project
UNDP
=
United Nation Development Programme
VDC
=
Village Development Committee
WTO
=
World Tourism Organization

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Table of Contents
Title








Page No.
Letter of Approval







i
Acknowledgements






ii
Abstract








iii
Abbreviations







v
Dedication
Declaration
Letter of recommendation

CHAPTER: I
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of the Study






1
1.2 Statement of the Problem






8
1.3 Purpose of the Study







9
1.3 Significant of the Study






10
1.5 Limitation of the Study






10
1.6 Organization of the Study






11

CHAPTER: II
LITERATURE: REVIEW
2.1 Concept of the Study







12
2.1. Nepalese Tourism before Unification




13
2.2 Nepalese Tourism after Unification





14
2.3 The General Review of the Related Past Studies



15
2.4 Conceptual Frame Work






21
2.5 Modernization and Tourism






21

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CHAPTER: III
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
3.1 Rationale of the Selection of Study Area




25
3.2 Research Design







25
3.3 Nature and Sources of Data






25
3.4 Universe and Sampling






26
3.5 Data Collection Tools and Techniques




26
3.6 Data Analysis and Presentation





26

CHAPTER: IV
INTRODUCTION OF THE STUDY AREA

4.1 Physical Setting







27
4.2 Modernization and its Impact the tourism of Lumbini


32
CHAPTER: FIVE
CONTRIBUTION TOURIST IN LUMBINI AND TOURIST ARRIVAL IN LUMBANI
5.1.1 Demographic Analysis of Lumbini





40
5.1.2 Accommodation capacity






41
5.1.3 Source of Market for Goods for Hotels.




41
5.1.5 Supply goods from Local Shopkeepers




42
5.1.6 Tourist Service Available in Lumbini





5.1.7 Distribution of Tourists arrivals in Lumbini by Country of Origin

43
5.2 Total Tourist Arrivals and Length of stay in Nepal (2000-2010)

44
5.2.1 Tourist's Visiting Purpose






46
5.2.2. Tourists Arrivals by Age Group and Sex




48
5.2.3 Foreign Exchange Earning From the Tourism Sector


50
5.2.6 Number of Tourist Visiting in Lumbini



51
5.2.7 Distribution of Tourists by Major Continents in Lumbini


52
5.2.8 Tourists visiting Purpose






53
5.2.9. Means of Transportation Used by Tourist




54
5.2.10 Length of Stay of Tourists in Lumbini




54

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5.2.11 Tourists Expenditure Pattern





55
5.3 Socio-Economic Impact of Tourism





56
5.4 Impact of the Tourism in Lumbini





59


5.4.1 Economic Impact







59
5.4.2 Social Impact








61
5.4.3 Environment Impact







61
5.5 Prospects of Tourism in Lumbini





62
5.6 Problems of Tourism in Lumbini





65
CHAPTER: VI
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION
6.1 Summary








67
6.2 Conclusion








69
6.3 Recommendations







70

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List of Tables
Page No.
Table: 5.1
Demographic Analysis of Lumbini



40
Table: 5.3
Market Source of Lumbini





42
Table: 5.5
Supplying Goods from Local Shopkeeper



42
Table: 5.6
Tourist Service Available in Lumbini



43
Table: 5.7
Distribution tourists Arrivals in Lumbini by country of Origin
43

Table: 5.8
Total Tourist Arrival and Length of Stay in Nepal (1984-2004)
45
Table: 5.9
Number of Tourists by Purpose of Visit



47
Table: 5.10
Tourists Arrival by Age and Sex




48
Table: 5.11
Foreign Exchange Earning form the Tourism Sector Foreign
Exchange Earnings from Tourism




50
Table: 5.12
The Number of Tourist Visiting in Lumbini


51
Table: 5.13
Tourists Visiting Lumbani by Major Continent


52
Table: 5.14
Tourist Arrivals in Purpose of Visit



53
Table: 5.15
Means of transportation Used by Tourist



54
Table: 5.16
Length of Stay Tourists in Lumbini



55
Table: 5.17
Tourist Expenditure Pattern in Lumbini



55

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