Recursion in the CMMI Project Management Process Areas

Recursion in the CMMI Project Management Process AreasFred SchenkerSoftware Engineering InstituteFebruary 9, 2009© 2008 Carnegie Mellon UniversityAbout the AuthorAlfred (Fred) R. SchenkerMr. Fred Schenker is a Senior Member of the Technical Staff working in the SEI’s Acquisition Support Program. He participates in activities to improve software acquisition and product development practices throughout the armed services, and other government agencies. Mr. Schenker has worked at the SEI for 7 years. He is an authorized Intro to CMMI instructor and an authorized SCAMPI B/C Team Lead. Before joining the SEI, Mr. Schenker spent over twenty years in industry as an active contributor in all phases of product development activities. Mr. Schenker is also an inventor, and has obtained patents for a pressure switch (used in automotive airbag applications), and for a manufacturing process to seal gas inside a vessel.Recursion in CMMI Project Management PAs2Fred Schenker© 2008 Carnegie Mellon UniversityRecursion in the CMMI Project Management Process AreasFred SchenkerSoftware Engineering InstituteFebruary 9, 2009© 2008 Carnegie Mellon UniversityAgenda• Goal of the Presentation• Recursion and Iteration: Defined• Practicality in Project Management Processes• Variations in Organizations• The CMMI Perspective• Process Consultant Considerations• Appraisal Considerations• SummaryRecursion in CMMI Project Management PAs4Fred Schenker© 2008 Carnegie Mellon UniversityGoal of Presentation• To raise awareness in the community regarding recursive and/or iterative application of CMMI Project Management practices– For appraisers– For process consultants– For EPGs• To try to help the people that are doing the workRecursion in CMMI Project Management PAs5Fred Schenker© 2008 Carnegie Mellon UniversityRecursion Defined“Recursion occurs when a process is applied to successive levels of system elements within a system structure. The outcomes of one application are used as inputs to the next level in the system structure. For example, the verification process is designed to apply to the entire assembled product, the major product components, and even components of components. How far into the product you apply the verification process depends entirely on the size and complexity of the end product.” 1Recursion in CMMI Project Management PAs1. Chrissis, Konrad, Schrum . CMMI® 2nd Edition, 2006, p. 846Fred Schenker© 2008 Carnegie Mellon UniversityRecursion – An Example•A project develops a system, with multiple subsystems and components•How would the practices of Technical Solutions apply?Aircraft SystemSG 1 Select Product Component SolutionsFire Control SubsystemSP 1.1Develop Alternative Solutions S aG n1 d Select Product Component SolutionsTrack SoftwareSelection CriteriaSP 1.1Develop Alternative Solutions S aG n1 d Select Product Component SolutionsSP 1.2Select Product Component Selection CriteriaSP 1.1Develop Alternative Solutions and SolutionsSP 1.2Select Product Component Selection CriteriaSG 2 Develop the DesignSolutionsSP 1.2Select Product Component SP 2.1 Design the Product or Product SG 2 Develop the DesignSolutionsComponentSP 2.1 Design the Product or Product SG 2 Develop the DesignSP 2.2 Establish a Technical Data PackageComponentSP 2.1 Design the Product or Product SP 2.3 Design Interfaces Using CriteriaSP 2.2 Establish a Technical Data PackageComponentSP 2.4 Perform Make, Buy, or Reuse SP 2.3 Design Interfaces Using CriteriaSP 2.2 Establish a Technical Data PackageAnalysesSP 2.4 Perform Make, Buy, or Reuse SP 2.3 Design Interfaces Using CriteriaSG 3 Implement the Product DesignAnalysesSP 2.4 Perform Make, Buy, or Reuse SP 3.1 Implement the DesignSG 3 Implement the Product DesignAnalysesSP 3.2 Develop Product Support SP 3.1 Implement the DesignSG 3 Implement the Product DesignDocumentationSP 3.2 Develop Product Support SP 3.1 Implement the DesignDocumentationSP 3.2 Develop Product Support DocumentationRecursion in CMMI Project Management PAs7Fred Schenker© 2008 Carnegie Mellon UniversityIteration Defined“Iteration occurs when processes are repeated at the same system level. New information is created by the implementation of one process that feeds back into a related process. This new information typically raises questions that must be resolved before completing the processes. For example, iteration will most likely occur between requirements development and technical solution. Reapplication of the processes can resolve the questions that are raised. Iteration can ensure quality prior to applying the next process.” 1Recursion in CMMI Project Management PAs1. Chrissis, Konrad, Schrum . CMMI® 2nd Edition, 2006, p. 858Fred Schenker© 2008 Carnegie Mellon UniversityIteration – An Example•The Track software is built, but undergoes bug fixes and enhancementsTrack SoftwareSG 1 Select Product Component SolutionsBug FixSP 1.1Develop Alternative Solutions S aG n1 d Select Product Component SolutionsEnhancementSelection CriteriaSP 1.1Develop Alternative Solutions S aG n1 d Select Product Component SolutionsSP 1.2Select Product Component Selection CriteriaSP 1.1Develop Alternative Solutions and SolutionsSP 1.2Select Product Component Selection CriteriaSG 2 Develop the DesignSolutionsSP 1.2Select Product Component SP 2.1 Design the Product or Product SG 2 Develop the DesignSolutionsComponentSP 2.1 Design the Product or Product SG 2 Develop the DesignSP 2.2 Establish a Technical Data PackageComponentSP 2.1 Design the Product or Product SP 2.3 Design Interfaces Using CriteriaSP 2.2 Establish a Technical Data PackageComponentSP 2.4 Perform Make, Buy, or Reuse SP 2.3 Design Interfaces Using CriteriaSP 2.2 Establish a Technical Data PackageAnalysesSP 2.4 Perform Make, Buy, or Reuse SP 2.3 Design Interfaces Using CriteriaSG 3 Implement the Product DesignAnalysesSP 2.4 Perform Make, Buy, or Reuse SP 3.1 Implement the DesignSG 3 Implement the Product DesignAnalysesSP 3.2 Develop Product Support SP 3.1 Implement the DesignSG 3 Implement the Product DesignDocumentationSP 3.2 Develop Product Support SP 3.1 Implement the DesignDocumentationSP 3.2 Develop Product Support DocumentationRecursion in CMMI Project Management PAs9Fred Schenker© 2008 Carnegie Mellon UniversityApplies Just to Engineering?“Engineering processes (e.g., requirements development or verification) are implemented repeatedly on a product to ensure that these engineering processes have been adequately addressed before delivery to the customer. Further, engineering processes are applied to components of the product. For example, some questions that are raised by processes associated with the Verification and Validation process areas may be resolved by processes associated with the Requirements Development or Product Integration process area.“Recursion and iteration of these processes enable the project to ensure quality in all components of the product before it is delivered to the Customer.” 1Recursion in CMMI Project Management PAs1. Chrissis, Konrad, Schrum . CMMI® 2nd Edition, 2006, p. 8510Fred Schenker© 2008 Carnegie Mellon University