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The Russian Revolution Of 1917 1924
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THE RUSSIAN REVOLUTION OF 1917-1920 Eastview High School – AP European History McKay, et al. 8 th ed. – Chapter 27 Section 3 Essential Questions What are the primary causes…
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- THE RUSSIAN REVOLUTION OF 1917-1920 Eastview High School – AP European History McKay, et al. 8 th ed. – Chapter 27 Section 3
- Essential Questions
- What are the primary causes of the Russian Revolution?
- How does the political revolution change the course of Russian history?
- How does Russia emerge from this political crisis?
- The Fall of Imperial Russia
- Russian armies suffered from a lack of supplies and equipment .
- Russia’s political system, with its weak Duma and powerful Tsar , was not conducive to total war mobilization.
- The tsar, Nicholas II, distrusted the Duma and resisted calls to share power with his subjects.
- Causes
- The Fall of Imperial Russia
- In September 1915 the tsar took direct command of armies at the front, leaving his wife, Alexandra, and her adviser Rasputin in real control of the government .
- In March 1917 troops in St. Petersburg mutinied as women rioted, demanding bread. The Duma formed a provisional government and the Tsar abdicated .
- Causes (cont.)
- The Provisional Government
- The Provisional Government made Russia the freest country in the world on paper, with equality before the law, freedom of religion, the right to strike, and so on .
- The Provisional Government shared power with the Petrograd Soviet of Workers’ and Soldiers’ Deputies.
- Following the failure of Russia’s summer 1917 offensive, the army began to dissolve .
- Lenin and the Bolshevik Revolution
- Lenin’s political ideas:
- Only violent revolution could destroy capitalism.
- Socialist revolution was possible even in a backward country such as Russia.
- Human leadership rather than historical laws made real revolutions . (this is a difference from Marxist theory)
- Unlike many other socialists Lenin did not rally round the flag in 1914.
- In April 1917 Germans smuggled Lenin out of exile in Switzerland and into Russia.
- In the summer of 1917 Bolsheviks won support in Petrograd and by October gained a small majority in the Soviet.
- Trotsky and the Seizure of Power
- In early November militant Bolsheviks under the leadership of Leon Trotsky seized power from the Provisional Government in the name of the Petrograd Soviet.
- Reasons for Bolshevik success:
- By late 1917 Russia was in anarchy. Power was available to anyone who would seize it.
- Bolshevik leadership was superior to that of the Imperial or Provisional Governments.
- In 1917 the Bolsheviks succeeded in appealing to many soldiers and urban workers.
- Dictatorship and Civil War
- The Bolsheviks immediately legalized peasant seizures of land.
- The Bolsheviks made peace with Germany in March 1918 . (Treaty of Brest-Litovsk)
- In January 1918 the Bolsheviks dispersed by force the democratically elected Constituent Assembly, which was to write a constitution for Russia.
- The Bolshevik destruction of democracy led to civil war in Russia from 1918 ? 1921 .
- Reasons for Bolshevik Success
- The Bolsheviks won the civil war for several reasons.
- They controlled the strategic center of the country.
- The Bolsheviks’ “White” opponents were divided and lacked a single clear political program .
- Trotsky created a superior army to the Whites.
- The Bolsheviks mobilized the home front, introducing forced labor, grain requisitioning, and rationing.
- The Bolsheviks used terror to maintain discipline and subdue opposition .
- Allied military intervention against the Bolsheviks allowed the latter to appeal to Russian patriotic sentiment against foreign invasion .
- Questions for your review
- What was the single most “fatal decision” made by Tsar Nicholas before the Russian Revolution?
- Who was Rasputin? What was his influence w/i the Russian govt? What was his final fate?
- What was Lenin’s contribution to Marxist theory?
- What was the Petrograd Soviet’s Army Order #1?
- Who was Trotsky and what was his role?
- What was the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk?
- What was the Cheka? How was it used?
- Who were the “White Russians”?
- What effect did Allied intervention have upon the Russian Civil War?
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