Training in Water & Sanitation for Development & Emergencies

with



Training in Water & Sanitation for
Development & Emergencies






Singapore

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Overview

The BushProof Water & Sanitation for Development & Emergencies training is a
broad, intense 12-day course with a heavy practical bias, providing a rare
opportunity to learn through both theoretical and hands-on practical sessions.
The training is invaluable to both those who need more technical input for their
work, as well as for those in management who find they have become more and
more involved in water and/or sanitation programmes, but lack the basic
technical and theoretical background.

The training in Singapore is hosted and co-facilitated by the World Toilet
College.

The curriculum has a sanitation focus during the first week, and a water focus
during the second week. Applicants have the option to attend either or both
parts of the training.

Practical sessions

The training is intense and is given through a range of practical and theoretical sessions. While several
theoretical courses are available, practical hands-on field experience is difficult to obtain. The BushProof
training therefore focuses heavily on practical sessions, which include the following:
•
Manual drilling
•
Jetting
•
Sieve analysis
•
Measuring elevation
•
Measuring water flow in pipes due to gravity and from pump
•
Handpump operation
•
Chlorine and alum jar tests
•
Biosand filter construction
•
Water testing (chemical, physical, bacteriological)
•
Latrine slab construction (normal, dome)
•
Making an emergency latrine shelter
Participants are expected to get involved with all
practical sessions and should expect to get dirty!
Theoretical sessions

In addition to the practical sessions, the course will
provide a broad overview of the theoretical aspects of
water and sanitation projects. Theoretical issues are
linked to real life field experiences of the facilitators
throughout the course.

Teacher-student ratio
We will never have more than 15 participants per course, and therefore have a high teacher-student ratio,
which we find is essential to allow individual feedback and tuition.

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Venue
Training will be conducted at the World Toilet College (WTC) at 19 Toa Payoh West. It is conveniently
located: within easy distance of the airport as well as most of the tourist attractions in Singapore, and close
to several budget hotels.



The training centre has a wireless internet connection.
Language
The course will be conducted in English.
Dates
See website www.bushproof.com or www.worldtoilet.org for details.
How to book

Go to www.bushproof.com and click on Products > Training > Booking a Training. Here you will find
booking procedures and application forms. Alternatively contact us at www.worldtoilet.org if you experience
any difficulties.

Resources

Course handouts will accompany the course, as well as several resource CDs with a wealth of expertise in
the form of documents and articles. A certificate will be presented to participants on completion of the
training.

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Course fees & duration
The duration of the course is 13 days (with 12 days taught). The first week has a sanitation focus, while the
second week concentrates on water. Applicants can therefore attend for the whole training or part of it,
according to their areas of interest. Course fees are shown below:
Attendance up to 6 taught days
1,300 Euro
Attendance up to 12 days
2,400 Euro
Important notes:
• Any organization booking 5 places can get a 6th place for free.
• We have to get a minimum attendance of 5 full-paying applicants to make the course viable,
otherwise we will have to cancel the course. Our cut-off date will be 1 month prior to the
course start date – so please confirm with us prior to paying for international flights.
The course fee includes:
•
Tuition, handouts, resource CDs, coffee breaks, lunch on training days and field visits.
The course fee does not include the following:
•
Airfares, travel or medical insurance, visa, accommodation, breakfast / evening meal and transport
costs to and from the training centre every.
An arrival guide will be sent to all applicants together with the invoice. This allows participants to choose
and organise their own accommodation and includes telephone and email contacts. If participants are
having real difficulties arranging accommodation or anything else, please contact us at WTC.
Expenses including hotels and transport are – depending on hotel choice – likely to be from 40 Euro/day
upwards. Further details will be in the arrival guide.


Contact details

Philip Theseira, Nikki Shaw or Joyce Shum
World Toilet Organization
Telephone: +65 6352 8921
Handphone (Nikki): +65 9729 5390

Email: wtc@worldtoilet.org
Web: www.bushproof.com and/or www.worldtoilet.org

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Health advice

Singapore is a safe city with good public health standards and
exceptionally good health care.

Please take health advice prior to travel as inoculation regulations can
change at short notice. No vaccinations are required at this time but
vaccinations against tuberculosis, hepatitis A and hepatitis B are
sometimes recommended. Although not a requirement for travel to
Singapore, you are advised to be up to date with tetanus and typhoid
inoculations.

There is a risk from Dengue fever in Singapore. You should take all
normal precautions against being bitten by mosquitoes; see website
reference below.

Special notes:

• There is a mandatory death penalty for certain offences including
drug trafficking. Trafficking is defined by possession of drugs above
a certain amount (e.g. 500g of cannabis). There are severe penalties for all drug offences in Singapore.
• There is no malaria in Singapore, but there is a risk from dengue fever. For advice on how to prevent
insect bites visit: http://www.nathnac.org/pro/factsheets/iba.htm.
• Tap water is safe to drink, and all local food is generally considered safe to eat.

Charges are made for all healthcare visits; insurance is strongly recommended.

Visas

Singapore has a fairly liberal policy on visas for visitors: people from the majority of countries can visit visa-
free for limited periods of time. However, there are countries for which all visitors require visas. For a list of
these countries, visit: http://www.ica.gov.sg/services_centre_overview.aspx?pageid=252&secid=165

All visitors to Singapore must have:
-
Valid travel document with at least 6 months’ validity
-
Onward or Return ticket
-
Entry facilities to their next destination
-
Sufficient funds to stay in Singapore

International travel

Most major airlines and few budget airlines travel to Singapore. Your routing may have a significant impact
on flight costs. Please contact us if you encounter any difficulties.

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Training schedule

Note: subject to change depending on field trips.

Day
No.
Time
Main subjects
Details
Monday

08.30 - 09.00
Introduction & welcome
Introduction to the course
Environmental Health &
Overview of disease causing organisms, infective doses, F-diagram. Book

1
09.00 – 10.30 Technical back up
review & technical response services - where to look for information.
Survey methods & data
Watsan survey formats & practice: needs assessment, checklists, sanitary

2
11.00 – 12.30 collection
surveys, village mapping.
How to do it: village method, ToT workshop method. Teaching methods &

3
14.00 – 15.30 Hygiene promotion
materials. Monitoring. Hygiene baseline data & T-shirts.

4
16.00 – 17.30 Handwashing
Importance of handwashing. Practical: different handwashing options.
Tuesday
5
09.00 – 10.30
Types – e.g. emergency, family, communal, school latrines. Sludge
accumulation rates, and disposal, treatment, and reuse options. Principle of
Sanitation options 1
traditional latrine vs VIP, ecological options. Sanplat & dome slab design, rebar

6
11.00 – 12.30
spacing. Practical: footrest spacing.
Practical: latrine slab construction of standard and dome slabs. Concreting

7
14.00 – 15.30 Sanitation options 2
guidelines & rebar arrangements.

8
16.00 – 17.30 Emergency sanitation 1
Practical: making a latrine in emergencies from available materials.
Solid Waste
SWM in refugee settings. Health Care Waste Management guidelines –
Wednesday
9
09.00 – 10.30 Management & vector
standards necessary. Designs. Vector control overview. Practical: using
control
sprayer.

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What are the differences between rapid & slow sand filters. Roughing filters.
Theory behind filtration – mechanical & biological processes. Field SSF water

10
11.00 – 12.30 Sand filtration 1
test data. Practical: sieve analysis to choose sand type according to uniformity
coefficient & effective size.

11
14.00 – 15.30 Sand filtration 2
Practical: casting household slow sand filter.
Options - slow sand filtration, ceramic filters, sedimentation, household RO
Household Water

12
16.00 – 17.30
systems, coagulation/flocculation. Container contamination studies. Practical:
Treatment
ceramic filter, SODIS demonstration, household chlorination.
Coagulation, flocculation
Product types & effectiveness. Calculating 1% alum solution. Practicals: Jar
Thursday
13
09.00 – 10.30 & sedimentation 1
test, Watermaker demonstration, Moringa (natural coagulant) demonstration.
Treatment methods for
Overview of treatment methods for removal of taste, colour, iron, manganese,

14
11.00 – 12.30 specific chemicals
fluoride & arsenic.
Product types & effectiveness. Calculating 1% chlorine solution. Practical:

15
14.00 – 15.30 Chlorination
making 1% solution & doing jar test - how to do in emergencies.
Practical: opening slow sand filter mould, finishing filter, filling with water &

16
16.00 – 17.30 Sand filtration 3
testing for leaks.
Water quality standards & Sphere. When to test water, what is most important to
Friday
17
09.00 – 10.30 Water testing 1
test for – core and secondary tests.
Practical: collecting a sample and testing bacteriological & chemical

18
11.00 – 12.30 Water testing 2
parameters, including testing bacteria from SODIS demonstration.

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19
14.00 – 15.30 Coagulation, flocculation Practical: visit to water treatment works
& sedimentation 2

20
16.00 – 17.30
Catchments – domestic and village level. Collection system, guttering & storage
Rainwater collection &
Saturday
21
09.00 – 10.30
tank options. How to improve village water ponds. How to calculate if climate is
tanks 1
viable for rainwater collection scheme.
Rainwater collection &
Practical: calculating tank size needed for training centre. Practical: reading

22
11.00 – 12.30 tanks 2; Water testing 3 water test results.
How groundwater works – overview of aquifer types, springs, etc. Porosity,
Monday
23
09.00 – 10.30 Field hydrogeology
permeability. Geology.
Shallow water sources: hand-dug wells, riverbed wells, infiltration wells,

24
11.00 – 12.30 Shallow water sources
infiltration galleries, sub-surface dams. Hand dug well rehabilitation.
Practical: how to use an Abney level. Field data collection and plotting

25
14.00 – 15.30 Field surveying
elevation data.
Springs & spring protection techniques – various options. Construction

26
16.00 – 17.30 Spring protection
guidelines.
System curves: water
Hydraulic theory, pipe friction tables & system curves. Practical calc: how
Tuesday
27
09.00 – 10.30 flow in pumped pipe
much water flow to expect in a pumped system with various elevations and for
systems
various pipe types, sizes & lengths.
Motor pump types &
Different pump options. Practical calc: choose a pump based on pump

28
11.00 – 12.30 pump choice 1
efficiency and power requirements that fits system curve from practical.

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Practical: handpump demonstrations of Canzee, IMK2, rope and treadle
pumps. Handpumps or bucket system? VLOM introduced. Handpump
Handpump operation &

29
14.00 – 15.30
sustainability explored. Review of types and operation: e.g. IMK2, Afridev,
maintenance 1
Canzee, rower, treadle, rope & washer. Advantages & disadvantages of types.
Spare parts issues.
Gravity flow water

30
16.00 – 17.30
How to design a simple gravity flow system.
systems 1
Gravity flow water
Practical: measuring real flow in pipes & comparing to theoretical calculations
Wednesday
31
09.00 – 10.30 systems 2 ; Motor pump
(gravity flow & system curves), pipes & fittings, jointing PVC & PE pipes.
types & pump choice 2
Step by step overview of hand dug well construction – trimming walls, rebar

32
11.00 – 12.30 Hand dug wells 1
bending, in-situ lining, cutting ring, making curved blocks. Discussion of Bill of
Quantities, concreting guidelines, slab, rebar arrangement & apron.

33
14.00 – 15.30
Practical: rebar bending, curved block and cutting ring mould construction (NB.
Hand dug wells 2
we do not construct a well during the Singapore training).


16.00 – 17.30
Practical: Washing sand & gravel, filling slow sand filter with sand and gravel,
Thursday
34
09.00 – 10.30 Sand filtration 4
maintenance instructions.

35
11.00 – 12.30 Drilling 1: options
Drilling options – hand drilling, machine drilling, jetting, sludging.

36
14.00 – 15.30 Drilling 2: well jetting
Practical: jetting

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Drilling 3: BushProof

37
16.00 – 17.30
Practical: BushProof manual drilling.
drilling
Overview of technical drilling methods using rotary mud flush drilling as
Friday
38
09.00 – 10.30
example: screen & casing options, screen slot size, drillers log. Borehole
Drilling 4: gravel pack &
development. Pumping tests – how to do & what information they give. Aquifer
pumping test
pumping test data sheet. What to supervise in contracted boreholes. Practical

39
11.00 – 12.30
calc: how to determine what kind of gravel pack needed from previous sieve
analysis.

40
14.00 – 15.30
Overview of emergency watsan: what to do first & how to make a work plan.
Emergency water &
Sanitation options & scenarios including IDP/refugee scenarios. Defecation
sanitation overview;
fields & trench latrines, communal latrines, family latrines, bathing facilities.
Emergency sanitation 2
Cleaning issues. Drainage issues. Practical calc: how to build 700 latrines in 7

41
16.00 – 17.30
weeks – materials, staffing, budget.
Saturday
42
09.00 – 10.30
Water supply & treatment options & scenarios including IDP/refugee scenarios.
Kit list for Emergency Water Treatment & Supply kit for 10,000 people. Group
Emergency water supply
work: to identify a solution for a given situation based on what was taught
during the previous days. Supply, treatment, distribution.

43
11.00 – 12.30


44
14.00 – 15.00 Course evaluation

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