This is not the document you are looking for? Use the search form below to find more!

Report home > Others

Understanding Text Structures

0.00 (0 votes)
Document Description
Understanding Text  Structures   What is a text structure? • A “structure” is a  building or  framework • “Text structure”  refers to how a  piece of text is built What is a text structure? • Builders can use  different kinds of  structures to build  different things • A skyscraper, for  example, is a  different kind of  structure from a  house What is a text structure? • Writers use  different structures  to build their ideas •…
File Details
Submitter
  • Name: sasa

We are unable to create an online viewer for this document. Please download the document instead.

Understanding Text Structures screenshot
DOWNLOAD

Add New Comment




Related Documents

Context Models in Discourse Processing

by: wisaam, 26 pages

Linguists, discourse analysts, and psychologists generally agree that context crucially influences the structures and processing of text and talk. However, whereas they have developed sophisticated ...

Remediation : Understanding New Media TEXT

by: yago, 8 pages

Remediation : Understanding New Media TEXT

ICSE Board Computer Science Text Books

by: edurite_team, 3 pages

ICSE and ISC board computer text Books for sale in a very good condition with JAVA programming tutorial... Books: - ICSE Computer Applications Sumita Arora Class IX - ICSE Computer Applications ...

Text Topics and Their Intercultural Discourse Variation A Sample ...

by: tiago, 32 pages

The article proposes a methodological tool for describing the topic structure of texts and their potential intercultural variation. After positioning topic structures within the field of ...

Text comprehension and its relation to coherence and cohesion in ...

by: ashton, 17 pages

This study investigated the relation between children's text comprehension, their ability to produce a coherent and cohesive story, and the extent to which external cues aid these aspects of ...

Cbse Text Books For Class 9

by: edurite_team, 3 pages

The CBSE board has the major responsibility to create the CBSE syllabus for all the classes. As well as provide the cbse important question papers that helps the students of secondary level to make ...

Cbse Board History Text Books

by: edurite_team, 3 pages

History is a very interesting subject and thus to make it more interesting CBSE Board History Text Books is basically NCERT Books. The subject History consists of hundred marks in the final session ...

Cbse Board Home Science Text Books

by: edurite_team, 3 pages

Home Science is a very interesting subject and thus to make it more interesting CBSE Board Home Science Text Books is basically NCERT Books. The subject Home Science consists of hundred marks in the ...

Promoting Early Adolescents' Achievement and Peer Relationships: The Effects of Cooperative, Competitive, and Individualistic Goal Structures

by: shinta, 24 pages

Emphasizing the developmental need for positive peer relationships, in this study the authors tested a social-contextual view of the mechanisms and processes by which early adolescents’ ...

Term Structures of Credit Spreads with Incomplete Accounting Information

by: shinta, 40 pages

We study the implications of imperfect information for term structures of credit spreads on corporate bonds. We suppose that bond in- vestors cannot observe the issuer’s assets ...

Content Preview
  1. Understanding Text  Structures  
  2. What is a text structure? • A “structure” is a  building or  framework • “Text structure”  refers to how a  piece of text is built
  3. What is a text structure? • Builders can use  different kinds of  structures to build  different things • A skyscraper, for  example, is a  different kind of  structure from a  house
  4. What is a text structure? • Writers use  different structures  to build their ideas • Each text structure  communicates  ideas in a different  way
  5. Chronological order • Authors use  chronological order  to explain how  things happen in  order • Chronological order  is also called  sequence or time  order
  6. Chronological order • You will know that  you are reading a  text in  chronological order  because you will  see words like first,  next, later, then,  and finally
  7. Chronological order • You will often see chronological order in directions: Have you ever made macaroni and cheese? It’s simple! First, boil some water and make some macaroni. Then, make your cheese sauce. After the cheese sauce is ready, mix it with the macaroni. Bake the entire thing in the oven. Finally, it’s time to eat!
  8. Chronological order • You will often see chronological order in directions: Have you ever made macaroni and cheese? It’s simple! First, boil some water and make some macaroni. Then, make your cheese sauce. After the cheese sauce is ready, mix it with the macaroni. Bake the entire thing in the oven. Finally, it’s time to eat!
  9. Which paragraph is in  chronological order? Pennsylvania has many Through the ages, historic sites. You can visit Pennsylvania has seen Revolutionary war sites, like m any interesting events. Valley Forge. You can also The state w founded in as visit important locations 1681 by W illiam Penn. from the Civil War, like Later, Pennsylvania w as the site of im portant Gettysburg. Finally, you can Revolutionary W battles. ar also see the site of the first After that, Pennsylvania oil well in Titusville. w hom to newfactories as e Pennsylvania has many neat during the Industrial places to visit! Revolution. Today, Pennsylvania continues to m ake history.
  10. Which paragraph is in  chronological order? Through the ages, Pennsylvania has seen This is the  m any interesting events. paragraph in  The state w founded in as 1681 by W illiam Penn. chronological  Later, Pennsylvania w as order. Can you  the site of im portant find the clue  Revolutionary W battles. ar After that, Pennsylvania words that show  w hom to newfactories as e this order? during the Industrial Revolution. Today, Pennsylvania continues to m ake history.
  11. Which paragraph is in  chronological order? Through the ages, Pennsylvania has seen This is the  m any interesting events. paragraph in  The state w founded in as 1681 by W illiam Penn. chronological  Later, Pennsylvania w as order. Can you  the site of im portant find the clue  Revolutionary W battles. ar After that, Pennsylvania words that show  w hom to newfactories as e this order? during the Industrial Revolution. Today, Pennsylvania continues to m ake history.
  12. Think about it! • What is a structure? • What does chronological order  mean? • What are some clue words that  show chronological order?
  13. Another text structure • But what if an  author doesn’t  want to show how  something  happened in  sequence? • The author would  need to use another  text structure! 
  14. Another text structure • Suppose an author  wanted to explain how  these two birds are  similar and different • Chronological order  wouldn’t work­­­there  is no order of events • The author would  need to use compare  and contrast
  15. Another text structure        The cardinal and the cedar  waxwing are two common birds.  Both have crests on their heads.  Both are common at birdfeeders.  But the birds have some  differences. The male cardinal is a  bright red, while the waxwing is  brown.  The cedar waxwing often  migrates from place to place. On  the other hand, the cardinal stays  in one place year after year.
  16. Compare and contrast clue words When authors use the  text structure of compare  and contrast, they often  use special clue words to  show this text structure.   Can you find the clue  words in the paragraph?
  17. Can you find the clue words?        The cardinal and the cedar  waxwing are two common birds.  Both have crests on their heads.  Both are common at birdfeeders.  But the birds have some  differences. The male cardinal is a  bright red, while the waxwing is  brown.  The cedar waxwing often  migrates from place to place. On  the other hand, the cardinal stays  in one place year after year.
  18. Here they are!        The cardinal and the cedar  waxwing are two common birds.  Both have crests on their heads.  Both are common at birdfeeders.  But the birds have some  differences. The male cardinal is a  bright red, while the waxwing is  brown.  The cedar waxwing often  migrates from place to place. On  the other hand, the cardinal stays  in one place year after year.
  19. Compare and contrast graphic organizer • To organize details  from a paragraph  in compare and  contrast, use a  Venn diagram
  20. Review • Can you explain the difference  between chronological order and  compare and contrast? • How can clue words help you as a  reader?
  21. Another text structure • Sometimes, a writer will want to explain how one event leads to another • This kind of text structure is called cause and effect
  22. Cause and effect clue words • When authors  write paragraphs  to show causes and  effects, they use  words like cause,  effect, as a result,  consequently, and  so 
  23. Can you find the clue words? The night’s snowstorm had many  effects. People were out shoveling  snow from their sidewalks. The power  lines were draped with ice. Snow  plows drove down every street.  Children were the happiest of all. The  unexpected snow caused school to be  cancelled!
  24. Can you find the clue words? The night’s snowstorm had many  effects. People were out shoveling  snow from their sidewalks. The power  lines were draped with ice. Snow  plows drove down every street.  Children were the happiest of all. The  unexpected snow caused school to be  cancelled!
  25. More with cause and effect Baby painted turtles spend all winter in their nests. They have special chemicals in their blood that can keep their blood from freezing. As a result, baby painted turtles can survive freezing temperatures!
  26. More with cause and effect Baby painted turtles spend all winter in their nests. They have special chemicals in their blood that can keep their blood from freezing. As a result, baby painted turtles can survive freezing temperatures! This is the cause
  27. More with cause and effect Baby painted turtles spend all winter in their nests. They have special chemicals in their blood that can keep their blood from freezing. As a result, baby painted turtles can survive freezing temperatures! This is the effect
  28. Review • Which text structure tells about how things are similar and different? • Compare and contrast • Which text structure explains how things happen in time order? • Chronological order
  29. Another kind of text structure • Sometimes, an author will want to explain a problem, and then show one or more solutions • This kind of text structure is called problem and solution
  30. An example of problem and solution Park School had a terrible problem. Every day at recess, students would argue over the slides. Teachers had to spend time every day taking care of the arguments. Finally, one teacher came up with a great solution. They bought another set of slides that everyone could enjoy.
  31. An example of problem and solution Park School had a terrible problem. Every day at • Can you find the recess, students would argue over the slides. problem and the Teachers had to spend solution in this time every day taking care paragraph? of the arguments. Finally, one teacher came up with a great solution. They bought another set of slides that everyone could enjoy.
  32. An example of problem and solution Park School had a terrible problem. Every day at Here is the recess, students would argue over the slides. problem Teachers had to spend time every day taking care of the arguments. Finally, one teacher came up with a great solution. They bought another set of slides that everyone could enjoy.
  33. An example of problem and solution Park School had a terrible problem. Every day at Here is the recess, students would argue over the slides. problem Teachers had to spend time every day taking care of the arguments. Finally, one teacher came up with Here is the a great solution. They bought another set of solution slides that everyone could enjoy.
  34. Of course, problem and solution is not  always so simple • Often, authors will signal problem and solution structure with clue words like problem and solution, just like in the last paragraph • Sometimes, authors will use related words
  35. Of course, problem and solution is not  always so simple • Synonyms for problem include difficulty, struggle, uncertainty, worry, threat, and trouble • Synonyms for solution include possibility, hope, bright spot, answer, and future
  36. A more difficult problem and solution  paragraph The Chesapeake Bay faces an uncertain future. Issues such as pesticides, too many nutrients, and habitat loss all threaten the Bay’s water quality and animal life. However, scientists are hopeful that the future may be brighter. If everyone in the Chesapeake Bay watershed works together, solutions may be found.
  37. A more difficult problem and solution  paragraph The Chesapeake Bay faces an uncertain future. Issues such as pesticides, too many nutrients, What is the  and habitat loss all threaten the problem?  Bay’s water quality and animal life. However, scientists are hopeful that the future may be What is the  brighter. If everyone in the Chesapeake Bay watershed solution? works together, solutions may be found.
  38. A more difficult problem and solution  paragraph The Chesapeake Bay faces an uncertain future. Issues such as pesticides, too many nutrients, Problem  and habitat loss all threaten the Bay’s water quality and animal life. However, scientists are hopeful that the future may be brighter. If everyone in the Chesapeake Bay watershed works together, solutions may be Solution found.
  39. Text structures we’ve  learned so far • Chronological order • Compare and contrast • Cause and effect • Problem and solution
  40. Match the clue words! Can you figure out the text structure that these clue words point to? however, on the other hand, similarity, like, unlike Compare and contrast
  41. Match the clue words! Can you figure out the text structure that these clue words point to? as a result, consequently, Cause and effect therefore, so, cause, effect
  42. Match the clue words! Can you figure out the text structure that these clue words point to? problem, solution, threat, difficulty, hope, answer, possibility Problem and  solution
  43. Are there any other text  structures? Most paragraphs that we write in school can be called main idea, description, or statement and support paragraphs
  44. Main idea paragraphs • In this kind of paragraph, the author offers a main idea statement, and then supports that statement with several details
  45. Main idea paragraphs The pond was a beautiful place to visit. The falling leaves, all different colors, decorated the surface of the water. At the edges of the pond, small wildflowers grew. The golden forest glowed faintly in the distance.
  46. Main idea paragraphs Main idea The pond was a beautiful place to visit. The falling leaves, all different colors, decorated the surface of the water. At the edges of the pond, small wildflowers grew. The golden forest glowed faintly in the distance.
  47. Main idea paragraphs Main idea The pond was a beautiful place to visit. The falling leaves, all different colors, decorated the surface of the water. At the edges of the pond, small wildflowers All of the other sentences grew. The golden forest explain why the main glowed faintly in the distance. idea is true
  48. Main idea paragraphs • Clue words in these paragraphs may include: • One reason, another reason, and for example
  49. Now it’s your turn! • On the next few slides, you will read some paragraphs about the Great Chicago Fire • Your task is to decide on the text structure for each one • Understanding the text structure will help you to understand each paragraph
  50. What’s the text structure? Daniel Sullivan was the first to notice the • Chronological flames coming from the O’Leary barn at order around 8:30 pm on October 8. A problem with the alarm box made it impossible for the • Compare and people in the area to call for the fire contrast department. By 9:30 pm, the entire block was • Cause and blazing. In another 3 hours, there were fires all over Chicago. The heavy wind coming from effect the lake only made the fire bigger. It would be • Problem and another day before the fire would be solution completely out. By that time, 17,500 buildings had been burned. • Main idea
  51. What’s the text structure? Daniel Sullivan was the first to notice the • Chronological flames coming from the O’Leary barn at order around 8:30 pm on October 8. A problem with the alarm box made it impossible for the • Compare and people in the area to call for the fire contrast department. By 9:30 pm, the entire block was blazing. In another 3 hours, there were fires all over Chicago. The heavy wind coming from • Problem and the lake only made the fire bigger. It would be solution another day before the fire would be completely out. By that time, 17,500 buildings had been burned.
  52. What’s the text structure? Daniel Sullivan was the first to notice the • Chronological flames coming from the O’Leary barn at order around 8:30 pm on October 8. A problem with the alarm box made it impossible for the people in the area to call for the fire department. By 9:30 pm, the entire block was blazing. In another 3 hours, there were fires all over Chicago. The heavy wind coming from the lake only made the fire bigger. It would be another day before the fire would be completely out. By that time, 17,500 buildings had been burned.
  53. What’s the text structure? Daniel Sullivan was the first to notice the • Chronological flames coming from the O’Leary barn at order around 8:30 pm on October 8. A problem with the alarm box made it impossible for the people in the area to call for the fire department. By 9:30 pm, the entire block was blazing. In another 3 hours, there were fires all over Chicago. The heavy wind coming from the lake only made the fire bigger. It would be another day before the fire would be completely out. By that time, 17,500 buildings had been burned.
  54. What’s the text structure? Daniel Sullivan was the first to notice the • Chronological flames coming from the O’Leary barn at order around 8:30 pm on October 8. A problem with the alarm box made it impossible for the people in the area to call for the fire • Notice how department. By 9:30 pm, the entire block was the paragraph blazing. In another 3 hours, there were fires all over Chicago. The heavy wind coming shows how from the lake only made the fire bigger. It events happen would be another day before the fire would be in time order completely out. By that time, 17,500 buildings had been burned.
  55. What’s the text structure? Daniel Sullivan was the first to notice the • Understanding flames coming from the O’Leary barn at that this text is around 8:30 pm on October 8. A problem with written in the alarm box made it impossible for the chronological people in the area to call for the fire order can help department. By 9:30 pm, the entire block was you to blazing. In another 3 hours, there were fires all over Chicago. The heavy wind coming understand from the lake only made the fire bigger. It how the Great would be another day before the fire would be Fire started completely out. By that time, 17,500 buildings had been burned.
  56. Try another! • Chronological Why was the Great Chicago Fire so order disastrous? After all, Chicago had fire • Compare and departments and fire alarms. One contrast reason for the terrible fire is that the alarm malfunctioned. The local fire • Cause and company noticed the fire by accident effect as it was returning from another fire. • Problem and As another problem, a watchman who solution saw the flames directed other fire • Main idea companies to a location that was nearly a mile away from the fire. Because of these two problems, a fire that could have been controlled rapidly spread across the city.
  57. Try another! Why was the Great Chicago Fire so • Compare and disastrous? After all, Chicago had fire contrast departments and fire alarms. One reason for the terrible fire is that the • Cause and alarm malfunctioned. The local fire effect company noticed the fire by accident • Problem and as it was returning from another fire. solution As another problem, a watchman who saw the flames directed other fire companies to a location that was nearly a mile away from the fire. Because of these two problems, a fire that could have been controlled rapidly spread across the city.
  58. Try another! Why was the Great Chicago Fire so disastrous? After all, Chicago had fire departments and fire alarms. One • Cause and reason for the terrible fire is that the effect alarm malfunctioned. The local fire company noticed the fire by accident as it was returning from another fire. As another problem, a watchman who saw the flames directed other fire companies to a location that was nearly a mile away from the fire. Because of these two problems, a fire that could have been controlled rapidly spread across the city.
  59. Try another! Why was the Great Chicago Fire so disastrous? After all, Chicago had fire departments and fire alarms. One • Cause and reason for the terrible fire is that the effect alarm malfunctioned. The local fire • Notice how company noticed the fire by accident the causes (in as it was returning from another fire. blue) lead to As another problem, a watchman who the effect (in saw the flames directed other fire yellow) companies to a location that was nearly a mile away from the fire. Because of these two problems, a fire that could have been controlled rapidly spread across the city.
  60. What text structure is here? After the fire, thousands of people were left • Chronological homeless. Many escaped the fire with nothing except the clothes on their backs. order Providing all of these people with food, clean • Compare and water, and shelter was a huge task. Luckily, contrast the city quickly formed a Relief and Aid Society. This group started giving out the • Cause and effect food donations that were pouring in from • Problem and other cities. The society built places for people to live, gathered the tools that people solution needed to rebuild their houses, and even • Main idea vaccinated 64,000 people against smallpox.
  61. What text structure is here? After the fire, thousands of people were left • Chronological homeless. Many escaped the fire with nothing except the clothes on their backs. order Providing all of these people with food, clean water, and shelter was a huge task. Luckily, the city quickly formed a Relief and Aid • Cause and effect Society. This group started giving out the • Problem and food donations that were pouring in from solution other cities. The society built places for people to live, gathered the tools that people needed to rebuild their houses, and even vaccinated 64,000 people against smallpox.
  62. What text structure is here? After the fire, thousands of people were left homeless. Many escaped the fire with nothing except the clothes on their backs. • Problem and Providing all of these people with food, clean solution water, and shelter was a huge task. Luckily, the city quickly formed a Relief and Aid Society. This group started giving out the food donations that were pouring in from other cities. The society built places for people to live, gathered the tools that people needed to rebuild their houses, and even vaccinated 64,000 people against smallpox.
  63. What text structure is here? After the fire, thousands of people were left homeless. Many escaped the fire with nothing except the clothes on their backs. • Problem and Providing all of these people with food, clean solution water, and shelter was a huge task. Luckily, the city quickly formed a Relief and Aid Society. This group started giving out the • Here is the food donations that were pouring in from problem other cities. The society built places for people to live, gathered the tools that people needed to rebuild their houses, and even vaccinated 64,000 people against smallpox.
  64. What text structure is here? After the fire, thousands of people were left homeless. Many escaped the fire with nothing except the clothes on their backs. • Problem and Providing all of these people with food, clean solution water, and shelter was a huge task. Luckily, the city quickly formed a Relief and Aid Society. This group started giving out the • Here is the food donations that were pouring in from solution other cities. The society built places for people to live, gathered the tools that people needed to rebuild their houses, and even vaccinated 64,000 people against smallpox.
  65. Can you find the text structure? Chicago changed in many ways after • Chronological the fire. Before the fire, most of the order buildings were less than five stories • Compare and high. The buildings that were contrast constructed after the fire, however, • Cause and were some of the first skyscrapers in effect the country. Before the fire, most of • Problem and the houses were made of wood. After solution the fire, people chose to build their houses out of stone or brick. There were • Main idea changes in where people lived, as well. The poor people in the city lived close to the center of the city before the fire. After the fire, they moved into neighborhoods that were farther away from the downtown area.
  66. Can you find the text structure? Chicago changed in many ways after • Compare and the fire. Before the fire, most of the contrast buildings were less than five stories • Cause and high. The buildings that were effect constructed after the fire, however, • Main idea were some of the first skyscrapers in the country. Before the fire, most of the houses were made of wood. After the fire, people chose to build their houses out of stone or brick. There were changes in where people lived, as well. The poor people in the city lived close to the center of the city before the fire. After the fire, they moved into neighborhoods that were farther away from the downtown area.
  67. Can you find the text structure? Chicago changed in many ways after • Compare and the fire. Before the fire, most of the contrast buildings were less than five stories high. The buildings that were constructed after the fire, however, were some of the first skyscrapers in the country. Before the fire, most of the houses were made of wood. After the fire, people chose to build their houses out of stone or brick. There were changes in where people lived, as well. The poor people in the city lived close to the center of the city before the fire. After the fire, they moved into neighborhoods that were farther away from the downtown area.
  68. Can you find the text structure? Chicago changed in many ways after • Compare and the fire. Before the fire, most of the contrast buildings were less than five stories high. The buildings that were Notice how constructed after the fire, however, this paragraph is were some of the first skyscrapers in comparing the country. Before the fire, most of Chicago the houses were made of wood. After BEFORE the the fire, people chose to build their fire to Chicago houses out of stone or brick. There were AFTER the fire changes in where people lived, as well. The poor people in the city lived close to the center of the city before the fire. After the fire, they moved into neighborhoods that were farther away from the downtown area.
  69. Can you find the text structure? Chicago changed in many ways after • Compare and the fire. Before the fire, most of the contrast buildings were less than five stories high. The buildings that were Notice how constructed after the fire, however, this paragraph is were some of the first skyscrapers in comparing the country. Before the fire, most of Chicago the houses were made of wood. After BEFORE the the fire, people chose to build their fire to Chicago houses out of stone or brick. There were AFTER the fire changes in where people lived, as well. The poor people in the city lived close to the center of the city before the fire. After the fire, they moved into neighborhoods that were farther away from the downtown area.
  70. One more paragraph! By Monday night, the town of • Chronological Chicago was burning. People order described it as terrible, but • Compare and amazing. The flames were brighter contrast than anything people had ever • Cause and effect seen. The harsh winds swept the fire across the city with terrible • Problem and speed. For many who watched, it solution was a sight to remember for the • Main idea rest of their lives.
  71. One more paragraph! By Monday night, the town of • Compare and Chicago was burning. People contrast described it as terrible, but • Cause and effect amazing. The flames were brighter than anything people had ever seen. The harsh winds swept the • Main idea fire across the city with terrible speed. For many who watched, it was a sight to remember for the rest of their lives.
  72. One more paragraph! By Monday night, the town of Chicago was burning. People • Main idea described it as terrible, but amazing. The flames were brighter than anything people had ever seen. The harsh winds swept the fire across the city with terrible speed. For many who watched, it was a sight to remember for the rest of their lives.
  73. One more paragraph! By Monday night, the town of Chicago was burning. People • Main idea described it as terrible, but amazing. The flames were brighter than anything people had ever • Notice the seen. The harsh winds swept the main idea fire across the city with terrible speed. For many who watched, it was a sight to remember for the rest of their lives.
  74. One more paragraph! By Monday night, the town of Chicago was burning. People • Main idea described it as terrible, but amazing. The flames were brighter than anything people had ever • Notice the seen. The harsh winds swept the main idea fire across the city with terrible speed. For many who watched, it • The rest of the was a sight to remember for the sentences rest of their lives. explain the main idea
  75. What have you learned about text structures? • Share your ideas with a partner • Be sure to explain how you can find the text structure of a paragraph
  76. by Emily Kissner

Download
Understanding Text Structures

 

 

Your download will begin in a moment.
If it doesn't, click here to try again.

Share Understanding Text Structures to:

Insert your wordpress URL:

example:

http://myblog.wordpress.com/
or
http://myblog.com/

Share Understanding Text Structures as:

From:

To:

Share Understanding Text Structures.

Enter two words as shown below. If you cannot read the words, click the refresh icon.

loading

Share Understanding Text Structures as:

Copy html code above and paste to your web page.

loading
PDFCast Tags | Browse | DMCA Guidelines | Terms of Use | Privacy Notice | Contact | Facebook | Valid XHTML | Sitemap | Book Sitemap
© Copyright 2011 PDFCast.org

0.1567 - 4.47MB