Virtualization in Automotive Embedded Systems: an Outlook

Virtualization in Automotive Embedded Systems : an OutlookNicolas Navet, RTaWBertrand Delord, PSA Peugeot CitroënMarkus Baumeister, FreescaleTalk at RTS Embedded Systems 2010Paris, 31/03/2010Outline1. Automotive E/E Systems: mastering complexity 2. Ecosystems of virtualization technologies3. Automotive use-cases of virtualization4. Limits of virtualization© 2010 RTaW / PSA / Freescale - 2Mastering complexity of automotive Electrical and Electronics (E/E) Systems© 2010 RTaW / PSA / Freescale - 3Electronics is the driving force of innovation– 90% of new functions use software– Electronics: 40% of total costs– Huge complexity: 80 ECUs, 2500 signals, 6 networks, multi-layered run-time environment (AUTOSAR), multi-source software, multi-core CPUs, etcStrong costs, safety, reliability, time‐to‐market, reusability, legal constraints !© 2010 RTaW / PSA / Freescale - 4Proliferation of ECUsraises problems!50454035302520Mercedes-Benz15BMW10Audi5VWNumber of ECUs (CAN/MOST/LIN) 0198619881990199219941996199820002002200420062008YearGraphics on this page from [3]Lexus LS430 has more than 100 ECUs [9]© 2010 RTaW / PSA / Freescale - 5The case of a “generalist” car manufacturer - PSA 45403530CAN LASinfo-divLIN25CAN CARCAN CONF20CAN I/S151050X4-2000 X4-2003 D2 2004D2 TGD25X3X6-2005 X7-2007W2PF3The number of ECUs has more than doubled in 10 years© 2010 RTaW / PSA / Freescale - 6Possible upcoming architecturesin two car generationsFewer ECUs but more powerful –Multi-core μ-controller–Multi-source software– Autosar OS strong protection mechanisms – Virtualization ?–ISO2626-2 dependability standardBackbone :– CAN 500Kbit/s with offsets– FlexRay™ : 10 Mbit/s– Ethernet ?How centralized is unsure because of carry‐over .. FlexRay™ as backbone at BWM in a few years [8]© 2010 RTaW / PSA / Freescale - 7Ecosystem of virtualization technologies© 2010 RTaW / PSA / Freescale - 8Virtualization basicsExecuting software on virtual machines decoupled from the real HW –Virtual Machine: software that executes software like a physical machine–(System) VM contains an OS–HW resources can be shared between VMs : role of hypervisorStrong isolation between VMs : security and fault‐confinement are the primary motivationsPicture from [2]© 2010 RTaW / PSA / Freescale - 9Classification of virtualization schemes [3]VirtualizationEmulationNativeHypoth.Real FullPara-MachineMachineVirtua.virtua.eg. JVMeg. Bochseg. Z/VM eg. Xen, Sysgo, Wind River© 2010 RTaW / PSA / Freescale - 10