AVSCriminalLaw @ 2011
What Were They Thinking?
Why Casey Anthony was found not Guilty of Murder.
ForthefirsttimesincetheO.J.Simpsonverdictbackin1995,themediaareupinarmsoveramurderacquit al.Despite
whatmanyconsideroverwhelmingevidencethatCaseyAnthonymurderedherdaughterCayleeanddisposedofthebody,
thetwelvejurorswhoconsideredtheevidencejudgedhernotguiltyofal thecrimes,withtheexceptionoflyingtopolice
investigators.
ThemediareportingaboutthecaseandCaseyAnthony'svariousmisdeedsmadeaguiltyverdictseemlikeaforegone
conclusion. HeadlineNewsdemagogueNancyGracewouldhaveissuedherthedeathpenaltyandcarriedoutthe
sentenceherself.YettwelvemembersofthepublicdecidedthattheydidnothaveenoughevidencetoconvictCasey
Anthonyofmurderingherdaughter.Sincenoneofthetwelvejurorstowhomal thefactswerepresentedhavespoken
publiclyaboutwhytheyacquit edCaseyAnthony,thereareseveralpossibilitiesastowhythe"TotMom"wil gofree.
CaseyAnthonyandtheCSIEffect:
Theaveragememberofthepublicgetsagoodamountoftheirlegalknowledgefromtelevision.Thankstocopshows,
eventhosewhohaveneverbeenarrestedcanrecitetheMirandawarnings.DavidE.Kel eydramashavemadepeople
thinksoflawyersasconsummateshowmenpronetograndstandingincourtrooms,whileinmostcasestheyaredryand
methodical. Andoverthepastdecade,thetremendouslypopularCSIserieshaveconditionedthepublictoexpect
defendantstobeprovenguiltybeyondareasonabledoubtthankstoirrefutableDNAevidence.
ThiswasrecentlyanissueintheNewYorkCity"rapecops"case,inwhichoneof icerwasaccusedofrapingadrunk
womanwhiletheotheronestoodguard.Despiteclearwitnesstestimonyastowhathappenedthatnight,theprosecution
didnotpresentanyphysical,scientificbasedevidencetobolstertheircase,eventhoughnoneseemednecessary.The
defensetheorywasn'tthattheoneof icerdidn'thavesexwithher;theargumentratherwasthatitwasconsensual.Stil ,
jurorslateradmit edthatdespitebelievingthatthecopswereguilty,theycouldnotissueaverdictofguiltybeyonda
reasonabledoubtbecauseofthelackofDNAevidence,evenwhenDNAevidencewasabsolutelyirrelevanttothecase.
ItispossiblethatthejurorsintheCaseyAnthonycasemadethesamedecision.Theprosecutiondidnothaveanydirect
physicalevidencetyingCaseyAnthonytoherdaughter'sdeath,andthephysicalevidencethattheydidpresentmayhave
beenconsideredtoonovelanduntestedtobereliable. ThatCayleeAnthony'sbodywasfoundmonthsaftershehadgone
missingandhaddecomposedsignificantlywasundoubtedlyabenefittothedefense;anyphysicalevidencethatmayhave
beenfoundifthebodywerediscoveredearlierhaddeteriorated.
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WitnessfortheProsecution:
OneofthemostfamousAgathaChristiemysteriesis"WitnessfortheProsecution,"inwhichadevotedwifetestifies
againstherhusbandformurderthenal owsherselftobecompleteddiscreditedonthewitnessstand,thussowingenough
doubtthatherhusband,whomsheknowsisguilty,wil beacquit ed.
Themysteryreliesontheassumptionthatinacasewherenoneofthewitnessesarebelievable,thejurywil natural y
reachaconclusionofnotguilty.Uncertaintyandconfusionfavorthedefense,evenwhenthedefenseisresponsiblefor
thatuncertaintyandconfusion.
TheCaseyAnthonytrialcertainlyhadenoughofthat,delvingintoastrangedynamicamongtheAnthonyfamilythatwould
notbeoutofplaceinaTennesseeWil iamsmelodrama.ThedefenseneverpresentedevidencethatGeorgeAnthony
molestedhisdaughter,aspromisedintheopeningstatement,buttheconflictingstoriesandoddbehaviorbywitnesses
likelyonlyhelpedthedefense.ThejurorsdidnotneedtobelieveanyofCaseyAnthony'svariousexplanationsforher
daughter'sdisappearance.Theyjusthadtodisbelieveeveryoneelse,whicheachmemberoftheAnthonyfamilywho
testifiedmadeitveryeasytodo.
WhyDidSheDoIt? MurderOneorManslaughter.:
ThevariousmediaaccountshavecondemnedCaseyAnthonyasaterriblemotherwhowantedtofreeherselffromthe
burdenofraisingasmal childandkil edherchildsoshecouldliveafreelifeofasingletwentysomething. Inaccordance
withthistheory,theprosecutionchargedherwithfirstdegreemurder,whichrequirespremeditation. Caseywasalso
charged,inthealternative,withaggravatedmanslaughter,whichleftopenthepossibilitythatshewasresponsibleforthe
death,butthedeathwasstil accidental.
Havingtriedforaconvictionforfirstdegreemurder,whichcarriesthedeathpenaltyinFlorida,theprosecutorslikely
overreached.Becausetheywereunabletoef ectivelyprovethatCaseydeliberatelymurderedCayleetofreeherselfof
theburdensofmotherhood,theprosecutionlikelyalsomadeitdif icultforjurorstodecideonmanslaughter;giventhe
choice,theychoseneither. HadtheprosecutiongoneforthelesserchargeagainstCaseyAnthony,onethatdidnot
requireprovingpremeditationandthusrequiredamotivethatmayhaveseemedonlyavaguehypothesis,thejurorsmight
havebeenmorewil ingtoconvictherbasedonthephysicalevidence.
Thevastmajorityofcriminalcasesendnotinjuryverdicts,butinpleabargainagreementsbetweenprosecutorsand
defenseat orneys.Inmanycaseswhereapleabargaincannotbereached,itrepresentsafailurebyoneofthesides.
Whilenooneyetknowswhetherornotbothsidesat emptedtoreachapleadeal,itiseasytosurmisethatthe
prosecution,respondingtopublicangeroverthecasestokedbyprofessionalwitchhunterslikeNancyGrace,maynot
haveof eredapleabargaintoCaseyAnthonyandinsteadpursuedafirstdegreemurdercasethattheycouldnothopeto
prove.
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Americalovesitssalaciouscriminaltrials,whetherCaseyAnthony,O.J.SimpsonorScot Peterson,butintheendCNN
andFoxNewsdonotconvictpeopleofcrimes.Juriesdo,basedontheevidencethatisconstitutional ypermissibleto
present.WhetherornotCaseyAnthonykil edherdaughter,itisthejuryalonethatmakesthatdecisionandnotNancy
Grace. Awomanwhoclaimsthat"thedevilisdancinginthestreet"basedontheverdictandfeelsfittoat ackthe
characterofthejurorsbasedontheirdecisiondeservesnosayintheprocess.Herheartandmindbelongnotintwenty
firstcenturyAmerica,butinSpainduringtheInquisitionorSalemduringitswitchtrials.
JusticeforCaylee!:
ThecommonrefrainafterthenotguiltyverdictwasannouncedwasthattherewasnojusticeforCayleeAnthony. Itseems
likeanicesentiment,butit'sadangerousone.Ittreatsjusticelikeacommoditythatcanbetraded,boughtorbargained
awaylikepreciousmetalsortradingcards.
Justiceisnotameanstoanend,valuedonwhetherornotitachieveswhatoneconsidersthedesiredresult. Justicedoes
notserveeitherthevictimsofthecrimesortheaccused. Itisagoodinitself,notgoodbecauseofwhatitachieves.Ifyou
believethatCaseyAnthonydidkil Caylee,andthereisamplereasontodoso,thenherkil erwasgivenatrialinwhichthe
prosecutionsubmit edal oftheconstitutional ypermissibleevidence,andthatevidencewasevaluatedbyajuryofher
peerswithoutanyevidenceofmisconduct.
ThatCaseyAnthonywasnotconvictedofmurderdoesnotmat er.Theactualverdictisirrelevant:Justicewasserved.
AnthonySalernoandJeremyRossareCriminalLawyersinLosAngeles,associatedwithSalerno&Associates;the
LosAngelesCriminallawFirmhasthathandlednumeroushighprofileandcelebritycases.
By:AnthonySalernoandJeremyRossatavscriminal aw.com
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