http://pdfcast.org/rss/tag/investment en-us ]]> http://pdfcast.org/pdf/radio-rocks-no-matter-what-the-format Wed, 31 Dec 1969 18:00:00 -0600 http://pdfcast.org/pdf/radio-rocks-no-matter-what-the-format http://pdfcast.org/pdf/a-consumer-guide-to-buying-a-franchise Wed, 31 Dec 1969 18:00:00 -0600 http://pdfcast.org/pdf/a-consumer-guide-to-buying-a-franchise http://pdfcast.org/pdf/factors-that-affect-your-boating-insurance Wed, 31 Dec 1969 18:00:00 -0600 http://pdfcast.org/pdf/factors-that-affect-your-boating-insurance http://pdfcast.org/pdf/how-to-get-boating-insurance Wed, 31 Dec 1969 18:00:00 -0600 http://pdfcast.org/pdf/how-to-get-boating-insurance http://pdfcast.org/pdf/learn-how-to-protect-your-boating-investment Wed, 31 Dec 1969 18:00:00 -0600 http://pdfcast.org/pdf/learn-how-to-protect-your-boating-investment http://pdfcast.org/pdf/what-to-look-for-in-a-boating-insurance-policy Wed, 31 Dec 1969 18:00:00 -0600 http://pdfcast.org/pdf/what-to-look-for-in-a-boating-insurance-policy http://pdfcast.org/pdf/why-you-need-to-have-insurance-for-boats Wed, 31 Dec 1969 18:00:00 -0600 http://pdfcast.org/pdf/why-you-need-to-have-insurance-for-boats http://pdfcast.org/pdf/attractive-women-want-it-all-good-genes-economic-investment-parenting-proclivities-and-emotional-commitment Wed, 31 Dec 1969 18:00:00 -0600 http://pdfcast.org/pdf/attractive-women-want-it-all-good-genes-economic-investment-parenting-proclivities-and-emotional-commitment where males trade resources for sexual relations with females, and females have sex with
males in exchange for provisioning. These exchanges can occur outside of a long-term
partnership, which itself could be considered a commitment to the accessibility of
reproductive currencies provided by each partner. The current study investigated whether
young adults who are not in acute need of resources intentionally attempt reproductive
currency exchanges outside of dating relationships or formal committed relationships such
as marriage; and whether young adults have awareness of being the target of such attempts
made by others. College students (N = 475) completed a brief survey assessing their own
attempts to exchange reproductively relevant currencies, as well as others’ attempts to
make these exchanges with them. Men were more likely to report making attempts to trade
investment for sex and women were more likely to report attempted trades of sex for
investment. Participants’ experiences of exchange attempts initiated by other individuals
mirrored these patterns. Men were more likely to report another individual trying to trade
sex for their investment, and women were more likely to report another individual trying to
trade investment for sex with them. The vast majority of these attempted exchanges took
place outside of existing relationships, although a small portion did lead to short or longterm
relationships.]]> http://pdfcast.org/pdf/young-adults-attempt-exchanges-in-reproductively-relevant-currencies Wed, 31 Dec 1969 18:00:00 -0600 http://pdfcast.org/pdf/young-adults-attempt-exchanges-in-reproductively-relevant-currencies (Gigerenzer & Goldstein, 1996). Borges, Goldstein, Ortmann, & Gigerenzer (1999) found that constructing share
portfolios based on simple name recognition alone often yielded better returns than the market index. We describe four
studies with seven samples of participants from three countries (total N = 319) in which the returns of recognized and
unrecognized shares from several stock markets were tracked over various periods of time. We find no support for the
claim that a simple strategy of name recognition can be used as a general strategy to select stocks that yield better-thanaverage
returns. However, there was some suggestion in the data that recognition performs better when the market is
falling and worse when it is rising. A follow-up study indicated that the absence of an overall recognition effect could
not easily be attributed to our reliance on student participants or smaller samples than Borges et al. (1999) had used.
We conclude that, with respect to changes in value, selecting stocks on the basis of name recognition is a near-random
method of portfolio construction that offers little, if any, benefit to the personal investor.]]> http://pdfcast.org/pdf/now-you-see-it-now-you-don-t-the-effectiveness-of-the-recognition-heuristic-for-selecting-stocks Wed, 31 Dec 1969 18:00:00 -0600 http://pdfcast.org/pdf/now-you-see-it-now-you-don-t-the-effectiveness-of-the-recognition-heuristic-for-selecting-stocks great strides in the past two decades, moving from a
rather arcane endeavor to one tested in dozens of
countries and well established in a few. But the idea
that nations might integrate the economic role of the
environment into their income accounts is neither a
quick sell nor a quick process; it has been under
discussion since the 1960s. Despite the difficulties and
controversies described in this article, however, inter-
est is growing in modifying national income account-
ing systems to promote understanding of the links
between economy and environment.
]]> http://pdfcast.org/pdf/environmental-accounting-where-we-are-now-where-we-are-heading Wed, 31 Dec 1969 18:00:00 -0600 http://pdfcast.org/pdf/environmental-accounting-where-we-are-now-where-we-are-heading cause of the continuous flows of money and the interest compounded on the
money invested. Thus, two functions are required: a function defining the
flow of money, and a function defining a function multiplier.

Many business deals involve payments in the future. For example, when a
car or a home is bought on credits, payments are made over a period of time.
The future value, FV, of a payment P is the amount to which P would have
grown if deposited today in an interest bearing bank account. The present
value, PV, of a future payment FV, is the amount that would have to be
deposited in a bank account today to produce exactly FV in the account at
the relevant time future.]]> http://pdfcast.org/pdf/35-present-and-future-value-of-a-continuous-income-stream Wed, 31 Dec 1969 18:00:00 -0600 http://pdfcast.org/pdf/35-present-and-future-value-of-a-continuous-income-stream http://pdfcast.org/pdf/understanding-economic-value-added Wed, 31 Dec 1969 18:00:00 -0600 http://pdfcast.org/pdf/understanding-economic-value-added and it is an attempt to explore the impact of financial leverage on investment levels using firm-
level panel data in Mauritius. We expect to contribute to the existing literature by bringing
evidence from a panel data set, which comprises 27firms, all listed on the Stock Exchange of
Mauritius (SEM), sampled over a 15 year-period (i.e. from 1990 to 2004). In addition, we
demarcate between two types of firms, namely: (i) high-growth firms; and (ii) low-growth firms.
The results reveal a significant negative relationship between leverage and investment. More
interestingly, while we found a negative relationship between leverage and investment for low
growth firm, our econometric results reveal an insignificant relationship between the two
variables for high growth firm. ]]> http://pdfcast.org/pdf/does-financial-leverage-influence-investment-decisions-the-case-of-mauritian-firms Wed, 31 Dec 1969 18:00:00 -0600 http://pdfcast.org/pdf/does-financial-leverage-influence-investment-decisions-the-case-of-mauritian-firms prevalence of soft budget constraints can be best explained by the political desirability
of softness. We develop an infinite horizon political economy model where neither
democratic nor autocratic politicians can commit to policies that are not ex post
optimal. We show that because of the dynamic commitment problem inherent in the
soft budget constraint, politicians can in essence commit to make transfers to
entrepreneurs which otherwise they would not be able to do. This encourages such
entrepreneurs to support them politically. Though the soft budget constraint may
induce economic inefficiency, it may be politically rational because it influences the
probability of political survival. In consequence, even when information is complete,
politicians may fund bad projects which they anticipate they will have to bail out in the
future. We show that, maybe somewhat surprisingly, dictators who are less likely to lose
power, are more likely to use the soft budget constraint as a strategy to gain political
support.]]> http://pdfcast.org/pdf/a-political-economy-theory-of-the-soft-budget-constraint Wed, 31 Dec 1969 18:00:00 -0600 http://pdfcast.org/pdf/a-political-economy-theory-of-the-soft-budget-constraint gument in the literature is that soft budget constraints arise because
politicians cannot recognize bad projects ex ante, and cannot com$
mit not to refinance them ex post. In this paper we argue that the
prevalence of the soft budget constraint phenomenon can be best ex$
plained by the political desirability of softness. We develop a political
economy model of the soft budget constraint where politicians can$
not commit to policies that are not ex post optimal. We show that
because of the dynamic commitment problem inherent in the soft bud$
get constraint, politicians can in essence commit to make transfers to
entrepreneurs which other wise they would not be able to do. This en$
courages such entrepreneurs to vote for them. Though the soft budget
constraint may induce economic ineffi ciency, it may be politically ra$
tional because it influences the outcomes of elections. In consequence,
even when information is complete, politicians may fund bad projects
which they anticipate they will have to bail out in the future.]]> http://pdfcast.org/pdf/a-political-economy-theory-of-the-soft-budget-constraint-preliminary-comments-appreciated Wed, 31 Dec 1969 18:00:00 -0600 http://pdfcast.org/pdf/a-political-economy-theory-of-the-soft-budget-constraint-preliminary-comments-appreciated 2004. The data come from a survey, conducted jointly with PricewaterhouseCoopers, of
all taxes imposed on “the same” standardized mid-size domestic firm. In a cross-section
of countries, our estimates of the effective corporate tax rate have a large adverse impact
on aggregate investment, FDI, and entrepreneurial activity. Corporate tax rates are
correlated with investment in manufacturing but not services, as well as with the size of
the informal economy. The results are robust to the inclusion of many controls.]]> http://pdfcast.org/pdf/the-effect-of-corporate-taxes-on-investment-and-entrepreneurship Wed, 31 Dec 1969 18:00:00 -0600 http://pdfcast.org/pdf/the-effect-of-corporate-taxes-on-investment-and-entrepreneurship in discussions of Australian agricultural policy. This paper takes a different direction
from other studies that have concentrated on taxation issues arising from special
characteristics of farm businesses such as the averaging of incomes for tax purposes, tax
treatment of livestock and depreciation concessions for ‘approved’ investments (e.g.
water conservation).]]> http://pdfcast.org/pdf/economic-effects-of-income-tax-law-on-investment-in-australian-agriculture-with-particular-reference-to-managed-investment-schemes-and-division-35-of-the-income-tax-act Wed, 31 Dec 1969 18:00:00 -0600 http://pdfcast.org/pdf/economic-effects-of-income-tax-law-on-investment-in-australian-agriculture-with-particular-reference-to-managed-investment-schemes-and-division-35-of-the-income-tax-act information on Canadian publicly traded companies. It shows that leverage is negatively related to
investment and that this negative effect is significantly stronger for firms with low growth
opportunities than those with high growth opportunities. The paper tests the robustness of these
results using alternative empirical models and, in addition, uses the instrumental variable approach to
deal with the endogeneity problem inherent in the relationship between leverage and investment. The
results provide support to agency theories of corporate leverage, and especially the theory that
leverage has a disciplining role for firms with low growth opportunities.]]> http://pdfcast.org/pdf/the-impact-of-leverage-on-firm-investment-canadian-evidence Wed, 31 Dec 1969 18:00:00 -0600 http://pdfcast.org/pdf/the-impact-of-leverage-on-firm-investment-canadian-evidence concerning investment decisions, “most, probably, of our decisions to do some-
thing positive, the full consequences of which will be drawn out over many days
to come, can only be taken as the result of animal spirits–a spontaneous urge to
action rather than inaction, and not as the outcome of a weighted average of quan-
titative benefits multiplied by quantitative probabilities.” Because of the propen-
sity of investors to base decisions on variables other than “market fundamentals,”
the aggregate investment function of an economy will tend to be erratic. Indeed,
even today, it is virtually impossible to predict aggregate investment successfully,
although the other sources of aggregate demand and supply are relatively well un-
derstood. Keynesian economic policy suggested that government use anti-cyclical
spending and taxation to counter the vicissitudes of aggregate investment. While
countercyclical monetary policy might also have the same effect via the interest
rate, Keynes’ theory of the “liquidity trap” suggested that investment is quite in-
sensitive to the interest rate. Experience bears out Keynes on this point, at least for
large shortfalls in aggregate demand. In an economic downturn, it is critical that
the monetary authority ensure a high level of liquidity to avoid artificial curbs on
the willingness of businesses to invest, but liquidity itself is not sufficient to restart
profitable investment.]]> http://pdfcast.org/pdf/animal-spirits-or-complex-adaptive-dynamics Wed, 31 Dec 1969 18:00:00 -0600 http://pdfcast.org/pdf/animal-spirits-or-complex-adaptive-dynamics