http://pdfcast.org/rss/tag/women en-us http://pdfcast.org/pdf/ovarian-cancer-resource-guide-for-newly-diagnosed-women Wed, 31 Dec 1969 18:00:00 -0600 http://pdfcast.org/pdf/ovarian-cancer-resource-guide-for-newly-diagnosed-women What are some early signs of stress?
How do women tend to react to stress?
How does stress affect my body and my health?
What are some of the most stressful life events?
How can I help handle my stress?
What is post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)?
I heard deep breathing could help my stress. How do I do it?
Does stress cause ulcers? ]]> http://pdfcast.org/pdf/stress-and-your-health Wed, 31 Dec 1969 18:00:00 -0600 http://pdfcast.org/pdf/stress-and-your-health
There are only a few days each cycle when conception is possible. Charting your fertility helps you to find those days so that you can best time intercourse to get pregnant.

You may have been told that you ovulate or are most fertile on day 14 of your menstrual cycle, mid-cycle or even 14 days before your period is expected. These are myths. While this may be the case for some women, it may not be true for you, even if your cycles are regular. Your own fertility pattern is unique to you and charting your fertility will help you to see it.]]> http://pdfcast.org/pdf/fertility-friend-handbook Wed, 31 Dec 1969 18:00:00 -0600 http://pdfcast.org/pdf/fertility-friend-handbook cent estimates suggest that 30% of adults age 20 years or
older are obese. In 2003, more than 25% of the adult
population in four states were obese. Furthermore, 16%
of the children and teens in the U.S. were overweight, and
this percentage has tripled since 1980. Although genetics
play an important role, the rapid rise in the development of
obesity supports that lifestyle factors are likely to contribute
substantially to this condition.]]> http://pdfcast.org/pdf/effect-of-1-year-dairy-product-intervention-on-fat-mass-in-young-women-6-month-follow-up Wed, 31 Dec 1969 18:00:00 -0600 http://pdfcast.org/pdf/effect-of-1-year-dairy-product-intervention-on-fat-mass-in-young-women-6-month-follow-up most of the developing countries, the rates of overweight and obesity are
steadily
increasing,
especially
among
adults.
In
Kerala,
overweight/obese exceeded underweight. This paper attempts to
examine the trends in the shift from underweight to overweight and
identify the major determinants of the co-existence of ‘double burden’ of
malnutrition among women of reproductive age 15-49 years in Kerala
using the data from National Nutrition Monitoring Bureau (NNMB) and
the Second National Family Health Survey (NFHS-2, 1998-99). The
results of the multivariate logistic regression analyses show that
household standard of living, religion and age are significantly
associated with both underweight and overweight/obesity. On the other
hand, woman’s education, work status, residence and caste are not
significant on women’s nutritional status. In summary, both chronic
energy deficiency and overweight/obesity are widespread in Kerala and
there is a need for public health programs that are able to address both
simultaneously.]]> http://pdfcast.org/pdf/malnutrition-among-women-in-kerala-an-analysis-of-trends-differentials-and-determinants Wed, 31 Dec 1969 18:00:00 -0600 http://pdfcast.org/pdf/malnutrition-among-women-in-kerala-an-analysis-of-trends-differentials-and-determinants is critical for neurodevelopment in utero and in early
life. Worldwide, iodine deficiency remains the leading cause of
preventable mental retardation. Since the 1920s, U.S. dietary
iodine has generally been adequate. However, among U.S.
women of childbearing age (15–44 yr), median urinary iodine
levels, a biomarker for dietary iodine, decreased by over 50%
from 1971–1994 according to data from the National Health and
Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). More recent
NHANES data indicate that urinary iodine levels have stabilized. Although the latest NHANES study demonstrated an
adequate median urinary iodine level of 167.8
g/liter in U.S.
adults, 16.8% of U.S. women of childbearing age had urinary
iodine concentrations of less than 50
g/liter. In our population
at Boston Medical Center, we have reported that 9% of
100 women sampled had urinary iodine levels below 50
g/
liter, and 49% had values below that recommended for pregnant
women. Breastfed infants are reliant on adequate maternal
dietary iodine intake. The Institute of Medicine’s
recommended dietary allowance for lactating women is 290
g
iodine daily. Based on concerns about adequate iodine intake
in the perinatal period, the National Academy of Sciences
recently recommended that consideration be given to adding
iodine to all prenatal vitamins. The American Thyroid Association
has also recently recommended that all women receive
150
g iodine supplements daily during pregnancy and
lactation and that all prenatal vitamins contain 150
g iodine.]]> http://pdfcast.org/pdf/breast-milk-iodine-and-perchlorate-concentrations-in-lactating-boston-area-women Wed, 31 Dec 1969 18:00:00 -0600 http://pdfcast.org/pdf/breast-milk-iodine-and-perchlorate-concentrations-in-lactating-boston-area-women prevalent nutritional deficiencies in
the world and is reported by the
World Health Organization (WHO) to
affect four to five billion people. WHO
estimates that two billion people
suffer from anemia. Approximately
50% of all anemia is estimated to be
due to iron deficiency, a condition
of deteriorating iron reserves in the
body caused by low dietary intake
of iron, poor absorption of dietary
iron, or blood loss (for example, from
hookworm, repeated childbirth or
heavy menstruation) which leads to
loss of iron. Iron deficiency anemia
(IDA) is the most severe form of iron
deficiency, and results when the body’s
iron supply cannot support production
of hemoglobin in adequate amounts
to maintain normal functioning of the
body. Anemia from other causes
(and therefore, not iron deficiency
anemia), results from malaria or from
genetic disorders, among other causes.
Other micronutrient deficiencies (e.g.,
vitamins A, B6 and B12, riboflavin, and
folic acid) are also known to cause
anemia.]]> http://pdfcast.org/pdf/maternal-anemia-a-preventable-killer Wed, 31 Dec 1969 18:00:00 -0600 http://pdfcast.org/pdf/maternal-anemia-a-preventable-killer women can recognize the
symptoms of a vaginal yeast
infection since 75 of every
100 women experience this uncom-
fortable condition at least once in
their lifetime. In fact, vaginal infec-
tions are one of the most common
reasons that women aged 15 to 44
years see their health care provider.
]]> http://pdfcast.org/pdf/what-you-should-know-about-yeast-infections Wed, 31 Dec 1969 18:00:00 -0600 http://pdfcast.org/pdf/what-you-should-know-about-yeast-infections their lifetime. Diabetes, pregnancy, antibiotic use and immuno-suppression are risk
factors that predispose women to yeast infections. Yeast infections are not sexually
transmitted. Although most women worry that their partner may be a source of re-
infectivity, the penis is not a reservoir. In addition, a diet high in refined sugar does not
put a woman at risk for recurrence. For some women with chronic yeast infections, the
symptoms may flare at the same time during the menstrual cycle. Some experience
burning with urination or vaginal dryness. Intercourse may be painful.]]> http://pdfcast.org/pdf/chronic-infection Wed, 31 Dec 1969 18:00:00 -0600 http://pdfcast.org/pdf/chronic-infection protect against the development of various chronic diseases. This defense could be linked to
isoflavone-induced alterations in immune function. However, to date, no study has examined the
effect of soy isoflavone supplementation on human immunity in vivo. Establishing whether
isoflavones affect immunity in aging adults is particularly relevant since compromised immune
function has been observed in this population. Therefore, the purpose of this double-blind,
placebo-controlled, 4-wk intervention trial was to investigate whether supplementation with soy
isoflavones influenced the distribution and/or function of specific lymphocytes in
postmenopausal women. Healthy postmenopausal women (50-69 y), who were not using
hormone replacement therapy, were randomly divided into 2 treatment groups. The experimental
group (n=9) consumed two-50 mg soy isoflavone tablets/d for 4 wk, while the control group
(n=9) received placebo tablets. Fasting blood samples were drawn at baseline and on d 28 to
assess distribution of T-helper cells (CD3
+
CD4
+
), T-cytotoxic cells (CD3
+
CD8
+
), total T
lymphocytes (CD3
+
), B lymphocytes (CD19
+
) and natural killer (NK) cells (CD16
+
CD56
+
) via
flow cytometry. Cytotoxicity of NK cells was quantified based on lactate dehydrogenase release
of lysed K562 cancer cells following co-culture with NK cells from subjects. Analysis of plasma
isoflavone concentrations by HPLC demonstrated a significant increase (p<0.005) in plasma
genistein concentration in the experimental group after 4 wk of supplementation. However, there
was no alteration in lymphocyte distribution or NK cell activity in response to isoflavone
supplementation, suggesting that short-term soy isoflavone supplementation does not alter these
parameters of immunity in healthy postmenopausal women.
]]> http://pdfcast.org/pdf/soy-isoflavone-supplementation-does-not-alter-distribution-of-circulating-lymphocytes-or-natural-killer-cell-activity-in-postmenopausal-women-1 Wed, 31 Dec 1969 18:00:00 -0600 http://pdfcast.org/pdf/soy-isoflavone-supplementation-does-not-alter-distribution-of-circulating-lymphocytes-or-natural-killer-cell-activity-in-postmenopausal-women-1 bleeding, also called a period. When
you menstruate, your body is shed-
ding the lining of the uterus (womb).
Menstrual blood flows from the uterus
through the small opening in the cer-
vix, and passes out of the body through
the vagina. Most menstrual periods last
from three to five days.
]]> http://pdfcast.org/pdf/menstruation-and-the-menstrual-cycle Wed, 31 Dec 1969 18:00:00 -0600 http://pdfcast.org/pdf/menstruation-and-the-menstrual-cycle • You grow taller
• Your waist gets narrower
• Your breasts develop
• Your body begins to look more womanly
• You will begin to menstruate, or have your periods
When you menstruate, bloody fluid leaves your body through the vagina. This happens about once a
month. It lasts for about 3-7 days.]]> http://pdfcast.org/pdf/menstruation-facts Wed, 31 Dec 1969 18:00:00 -0600 http://pdfcast.org/pdf/menstruation-facts menstrual cycle may affect women physically, psychologically and behaviourally, but for the
majority the changes experienced do not interfere with their lives. Some women however do
experience menstrual disturbances, either psychological or physical, which profoundly affect
their ability to function as they would like.
]]> http://pdfcast.org/pdf/menstrual-cycle-problems Wed, 31 Dec 1969 18:00:00 -0600 http://pdfcast.org/pdf/menstrual-cycle-problems ?
Menorrhagia (hypermenorrhea): uterine bleeding excessive in both amount
and duration of flow, but occurring at regular intervals.
?
Oligomenorrhea: menstrual periods at intervals of more than 35 days.
?
Menometrorrhagia: uterine bleeding usually excessive and prolonged
occurring at frequent and irregular intervals.
?
Polymenorrhea: frequent but regular episodes of uterine bleeding occurring
at intervals of 21 days or less.
?
Metrorrhagia: uterine bleeding occurring at irregular intervals.
?
Hypomenorrhea: uterine bleeding that is regular but decreased in amount.
?
Intermenstrual bleeding: uterine bleeding, usually not excessive, occurring
at any time during the menstrual cycle other than during normal
menstruation.
]]> http://pdfcast.org/pdf/menstrual-disorders Wed, 31 Dec 1969 18:00:00 -0600 http://pdfcast.org/pdf/menstrual-disorders suppression, via hormonal contraception allows women to
have less frequent periods and avoid bleeding at
inconvenient times in their lives. Menstrual adjustment also
helps to suppress medical conditions that are exacerbated
by menstruation and the cyclical variations in female
hormones. Menstrual suppression has been practiced for
many years worldwide, and a number of surveys indicate
that women are interested in eliminating menses completely
or reducing its frequency to less than once a month.]]> http://pdfcast.org/pdf/what-you-need-to-know-menstrual-suppression Wed, 31 Dec 1969 18:00:00 -0600 http://pdfcast.org/pdf/what-you-need-to-know-menstrual-suppression as the final menstrual period and usually
confirmed when a woman has missed her
periods for 12 consecutive months (in the
absence of other obvious causes). Menopause
is associated with reduced functioning of the
ovaries due to aging, resulting in lower levels
of estrogen and other hormones. It marks the
permanent end of fertility.]]> http://pdfcast.org/pdf/menopause-basics Wed, 31 Dec 1969 18:00:00 -0600 http://pdfcast.org/pdf/menopause-basics pausal years, it is “normal” to feel depressed. Serious
depression, however, should never be viewed as a “nor-
mal” event, and women who suffer from it at any time in life
should receive the same attention as for any other medical
illness. This guide is intended to answer commonly asked
questions about depression that occurs around menopause.
]]> http://pdfcast.org/pdf/depression-during-the-transition-to-menopause-a-guide-for-patients-and-families Wed, 31 Dec 1969 18:00:00 -0600 http://pdfcast.org/pdf/depression-during-the-transition-to-menopause-a-guide-for-patients-and-families affect bladder control?
Yes. Some women have bladder control
problems after they stop having periods
(menopause or change of life). If you are
going through menopause, talk to your
health care team.
After your periods end, your body stops
making the female hormone estrogen
(ES-truh-jun). Estrogen controls how
your body matures, your monthly periods,
and body changes during pregnancy and
breast-feeding.
Some scientists believe estrogen may help
keep the lining of the bladder and urethra
(yoo-REE-thrah) plump and healthy.
They think that lack of estrogen could
contribute to weakness of the bladder
control muscles.
]]> http://pdfcast.org/pdf/menopause-and-bladder-control Wed, 31 Dec 1969 18:00:00 -0600 http://pdfcast.org/pdf/menopause-and-bladder-control having monthly periods for 12 months in a row.
Estrogen is a hormone made by the ovaries. For several months before
menopause, less estrogen is made by the ovaries. As the estrogen
decreases, body changes and the signs of menopause occur.]]> http://pdfcast.org/pdf/managing-menopause Wed, 31 Dec 1969 18:00:00 -0600 http://pdfcast.org/pdf/managing-menopause women in Iddo Local Government Area (LGA)-a major cassava-processing zone in Oyo State, Nigeria. Data on
the commodities were obtained from 80 registered women marketers through a structured interview schedule.
The study revealed a mix of cassava products with marketed and varied levels of involvement. The average
annual income of cassava products was between N5, 000 and N49, 000 while that from non-cassava based
commodities was between N5, 000 and N20, 000. It is concluded that cassava products have a strong potential
in contributing to increase in volume of trade at local, state and national levels. It is imperative, therefore, that
these women are provided with technical and managerial skills to enable them increase productivity, manage
their income and cope with market forces.]]> http://pdfcast.org/pdf/marketing-of-cassava-products-among-women-in-oyo-state-nigeria Wed, 31 Dec 1969 18:00:00 -0600 http://pdfcast.org/pdf/marketing-of-cassava-products-among-women-in-oyo-state-nigeria